ArticleSaudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society2014
Balancing antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity of currently available topical ophthalmic preservatives.
Article in Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Microbial Contamination of Multidose Brimonidine: A Prospective Comparison of Benzalkonium Chloride and Purite® Preservatives.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Ocular Surface Parameters in Glaucoma Patients Treated with Topical Prostaglandin Analogs and the Importance of Switching to Preservative-Free Eye Drops-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Can the choice of artificial tears harm patients? A narrative review with an overview of the Nordic market.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Review
- Local production of eye drops in the hospital or pharmacy setting: considerations and safety tips.Community eye health · 2023Article
- Review
- Epipremnum aureum Keratopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature.Eye & contact lens · 2020Review
- A Panel of Broad-Spectrum Antivirals in Topical Ophthalmic Medications from the Drug Repurposing Approach during and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- The chemotactic properties of various topical brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic preparations.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2020Article
- Benzalkonium Chloride Demonstrates Concentration-Dependent Antiviral Activity Against AdenovirusJournal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2019Article
- Preservatives in glaucoma medication.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2018Review
- Neuropathic Corneal Pain: Approaches for Management.Ophthalmology · 2017Review
- Dry eye and ocular surface disease.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Medical treatment of ophthalmic diseases relies primarily on the use of multidose drugs. Short term use is highly effective usually with little local toxicity. However, chronic use of these preparations not only increases the likelihood of microbial contamination and secondary ocular infection, but also of toxicity from the drug formulation itself. Increasing awareness of the toxicity of ophthalmic preservatives has led to an increasing variety of preservative schemes ranging from "self-preservation" to ionic buffer systems. Beyond outdated testing methods, the anti-microbial efficacy of most of these systems is poorly defined, potentially placing these preparations at an unknown risk of contamination by unmonitored, untested organisms. No uniformity in toxicity testing exists which further complicates the clinician's judgment of the risk-benefit of using a particular drug formulation. In this manuscript we examine in detail each of the current employed ophthalmic preservative regimens with respect to their known antimicrobial activity and potential toxicity, where known. We also survey the most popular ophthalmic preparations, detailing their preservation schemes as well as concentrations to help the clinician in choosing an appropriate formulation for the treatment of various ophthalmic diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.