ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2014
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aerosolized antibacterial agents in chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review of Data Published Between 1999 and 2019.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2020Pooled it
- Flagellar motility and the mucus environment influence aggregation-mediated antibiotic tolerance ofmBio · 2025Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Zinc Sulfate (ZnSOAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of 5-fluorouracil onFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Mucus polymer concentration andmBio · 2024Article
- Phage-antibiotic combinations against multidrug-resistantAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Incidence and associated risk factors for systemic drug levels with inhaled aminoglycoside therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- In vitro co-culture systems of hepatic and intestinal cells for cellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of capecitabine against colorectal cancer.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Establishing Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods and Clinical Breakpoints for Inhaled Antibiotic Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Metrics of Antifungal Effects of Ciprofloxacin onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Deposition of Inhaled Levofloxacin in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Assessed by Functional Respiratory Imaging.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Optimizing Spray-Dried Porous Particles for High Dose Delivery with a Portable Dry Powder Inhaler.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Observational
- Azithromycin Exhibits Activity AgainstFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Surface Composition and Aerosolization Stability of an Inhalable Combinational Powder Formulation Spray Dried Using a Three-Fluid Nozzle.Pharmaceutical research · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and inhaled salbutamol and tobramycin: An exploratory study to investigate the potential of exhaled breath condensate as a matrix for pharmacokinetic analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Filamentous bacteriophages are associated with chronicScience translational medicine · 2019Article
- Competitive Fitness of Essential Gene Knockdowns Reveals a Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Inhibitor of the Cell Division Protein FtsZ.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Targeting the Nonmevalonate Pathway in Burkholderia cenocepacia Increases Susceptibility to Certain β-Lactam Antibiotics.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteria adapt to growth in lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) by selection of heterogeneously resistant variants that are not detected by conventional susceptibility testing but are selected for rapidly during antibacterial treatment. Therefore, total bacterial counts and antibiotic susceptibilities are misleading indicators of infection and are not helpful as guides for therapy decisions or efficacy endpoints. High drug concentrations delivered by aerosol may maximize efficacy, as decreased drug susceptibilities of the pathogens are compensated for by high target site concentrations. However, reductions of the bacterial load in sputum and improvements in lung function were within the same ranges following aerosolized and conventional therapies. Furthermore, the use of conventional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) surrogates correlating pharmacokinetics in serum with clinical cure and presumed or proven eradication of the pathogen as a basis for PK/PD investigations in CF patients is irrelevant, as minimization of systemic exposure is one of the main objectives of aerosolized therapy; in addition, bacterial pathogens cannot be eradicated, and chronic infection cannot be cured. Consequently, conventional PK/PD surrogates are not applicable to CF patients. It is nonetheless obvious that systemic exposure of patients, with all its sequelae, is minimized and that the burden of oral treatment for CF patients suffering from chronic infections is reduced.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.