ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2014
Pathogens penetrating the central nervous system: infection pathways and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of invasion.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 258 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
258 citing papers in PubMed, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peptidoglycan recognition proteins in the brain: Role in neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- From Perinatal Stress to Schizophrenia: The Emerging Role of Glial Pathology.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Review
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- The Forgotten Gate: Choroid Plexus and Blood-CSF Barrier in Arboviral Encephalitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Recent advances in self-assembled nanoplatforms for central nervous system disorders therapy: Design principles, multifunctional strategies, and therapeutic applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Intranasal Delivery of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Enables RNA Cargo Entry Into the Brain.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Experimental infection of carpet pythons (Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Unmasking the hidden catalyst: How infections trigger Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- An Emerging DTMUV Variant Remains Restricted in Mammals but Acquires Olfactory Route-Mediated Neuroinvasion Following Limited Adaptive Mutations.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Gut metabolites identified in cerebrospinal fluid of genetic interferonopathy support gut-brain endothelial dysfunction.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 in the Lateral Ventricle Regulates Immune Functions.ASN neuro · 2026Review
- A Review on the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease.Current protein & peptide science · 2026Review
- Pathogens Association with Alzheimer Disease: Emerging Concepts and New Perspectives.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- The diagnostic value of plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 in Alzheimer's disease: current status, challenges, and impacting variables.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- CANDID-CNS: AI Unlocks Stereochemistry and Beyond Rule of 5 to Predict CNS Penetration of Small Molecules.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Potential mechanisms linking bacterial factors to the development and progression of multiple sclerosis.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and its vaccines: an updated comprehensive review with an insight into pathophysiology.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
198 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The brain is well protected against microbial invasion by cellular barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In addition, cells within the central nervous system (CNS) are capable of producing an immune response against invading pathogens. Nonetheless, a range of pathogenic microbes make their way to the CNS, and the resulting infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Bacteria, amoebae, fungi, and viruses are capable of CNS invasion, with the latter using axonal transport as a common route of infection. In this review, we compare the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens reach the CNS and infect the brain. In particular, we focus on recent data regarding mechanisms of bacterial translocation from the nasal mucosa to the brain, which represents a little explored pathway of bacterial invasion but has been proposed as being particularly important in explaining how infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei can result in melioidosis encephalomyelitis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.