ArticlePeptides2014
Alpha synuclein is transported into and out of the brain by the blood-brain barrier.
Article in Peptides, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma alpha-synuclein predicts cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid and dural accumulation of α-synuclein impairs CNS clearance in Parkinson's disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Identification of divergent organ-specific gene and protein expression signatures for mitochondrial function, inflammatory response, and proteostasis in the liver and brain in the rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Blood-Based α-Synuclein Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Diversity, Analytical Advances and Clinical Translation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Friend or foe? Glial-vascular interactions in health and neurodegenerative disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Sleep-circadian modulation of autophagy and glymphatic function: failure of coordinated brain clearance in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Engineered Exosomes: Innovative Strategies for Precision Drug Delivery in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Association Between Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Parkinson's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- von Willebrand Factor fibers formed at pathological high shear provide a scaffold for α-synuclein binding and aggregation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology, epidemiology, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- The Microbiome-Neurodegeneration Interface: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Cells · 2026Review
- Interconnected roles of astrocytes and the blood-brain barrier in Parkinson's disease: pathological evidence, mechanistic insights, and knowledge gaps.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Design of Ig-like binders targeting α-synuclein fibril for mitigating its pathological activities.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Elevated plasma levels of alpha-synuclein are dispensable for Parkinson's disease pathology.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Biology, Pathology, and Targeted Therapy of Exosomal Cargoes in Parkinson's Disease: Advances and Challenges.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Combining Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Mendelian Randomization to Explore Novel Drug Targets for Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Bridging systemic metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: the liver interface.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Complement Receptor 1 Is a Potential Extracerebral Factor Promoting α-Synuclein Pathology.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- From blood vessels to brain cells: Connecting the circulatory system and Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), a small protein with multiple physiological and pathological functions, is one of the dominant proteins found in Lewy Bodies, a pathological hallmark of Lewy body disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). More recently, α-Syn has been found in body fluids, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and is likely produced by both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Exchange of α-Syn between the brain and peripheral tissues could have important pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. However, little is known about the ability of α-Syn to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we found that radioactively labeled α-Syn crossed the BBB in both the brain-to-blood and the blood-to-brain directions at rates consistent with saturable mechanisms. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), but not p-glycoprotein, may be involved in α-Syn efflux and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation could increase α-Syn uptake by the brain by disrupting the BBB.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.