Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25277808›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2015

Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes: a systematic-review and meta-analysis.

Forough Farrokhyar, Rasam Tabasinejad, Dyda Dao, Devin Peterson, Olufemi R Ayeni, Reza Hadioonzadeh, Mohit Bhandari

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03253055 (The Interrelationship Between Vitamin D, Bone, Illness, Injury and Its Impact on Exercise Performance), which is not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03253055 completednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

The Interrelationship Between Vitamin D, Bone, Illness, Injury and Its Impact on Exercise Performance

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of SurreyRan2018 to 2018Enrolled50ConditionsVitamin D DeficiencyArmsDEXA, pQCT, Lifestyle Questionnaire, Aerobic Fitness, Muscular Strength
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Preclinical techniques to investigate exercise training in vascular pathophysiology.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2021
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  20. Vitamin DEuropean journal of nutrition · 2017
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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Forough FarrokhyarDepartment of Surgery, McMaster University, 39 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L9K 1S, Canada, farrokh@mcmaster.ca.
Rasam Tabasinejad
Dyda Dao
Devin Peterson
Olufemi R Ayeni
Reza Hadioonzadeh
Mohit Bhandari
McMaster University · CAYork University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVitamin D is essential for maintaining optimal bone health. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes is currently unclear.

objectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple databases were searched and studies assessing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in athletes were identified. Serum 25(OH)D is measured to clinically determine vitamin D status. Reviewers independently selected the eligible articles, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted data. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Weighted proportions of vitamin D inadequacy [serum 25(OH)D <32 ng/mL] were calculated (DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model) and compared using Chi-squared (χ (2)) test. Subgroup analyses were conducted and risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

resultsTwenty-three studies with 2,313 athletes [mean (standard deviation) age 22.5 (5.0) years, 76 % male] were included. Of 2,313 athletes, 56 % (44-67 %) had vitamin D inadequacy that significantly varied by geographical location (p < 0.001). It was significantly higher in the UK and in the Middle East. The risk significantly increased for winter and spring seasons (RR 1.85; 95 % CI 1.27-2.70), indoor sport activities (RR 1.19; 95 % CI 1.09-1.30), and mixed sport activities (RR 2.54; 95 % CI 1.03-6.26). The risk was slightly higher for >40°N latitude [RR 1.14 (95 % CI 0.91-1.44)] but it increased significantly [RR 1.85 (1.35-2.53)] after excluding the Middle East as an outlier. Seven studies with 359 athletes reported injuries. The prevalence of injuries in athletes was 43 % (95 % CI 20-68) [bone related = 19 % (95 % CI 7-36); muscle and soft-tissue = 37.5 % (95 % CI 11.5-68.5)].

conclusionDespite the limitations of the current evidence, the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes is prominent. The risk significantly increases in higher latitudes, in winter and early spring seasons, and for indoor sport activities. Regular investigation of vitamin D status using reliable assays and supplementation is essential to ensure healthy athletes. The prevalence of injuries in athletes is notable but its association with vitamin D status is unclear. A well-designed longitudinal study is needed to answer this possible association.

Indexed as

SportsAltitudeAthletic InjuriesHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsSeasonsVitamin DVitamin D Deficiency25-hydroxyvitamin DVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID25277808
OpenAlexW2002579058

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.