Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25277737›Full record

ReviewJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2014

The extraction of neural strategies from the surface EMG: an update.

Dario Farina, Roberto Merletti, Roger M Enoka

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
201citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

201 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Assessment of muscle fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients in electromyographic examinations.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2023
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Acute Modulation of Lumbar Motor Unit Behavior During Experimentally Induced Low Back Pain: A Motor Unit Decomposition Analysis.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Dario FarinaDepartment of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; dario.farina@bccn.uni-goettingen.de.
Roberto MerlettiLaboratory for Engineering of the Neuromuscular System, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; and.
Roger M EnokaDepartment of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A surface EMG signal represents the linear transformation of motor neuron discharge times by the compound action potentials of the innervated muscle fibers and is often used as a source of information about neural activation of muscle. However, retrieving the embedded neural code from a surface EMG signal is extremely challenging. Most studies use indirect approaches in which selected features of the signal are interpreted as indicating certain characteristics of the neural code. These indirect associations are constrained by limitations that have been detailed previously (Farina D, Merletti R, Enoka RM. J Appl Physiol 96: 1486-1495, 2004) and are generally difficult to overcome. In an update on these issues, the current review extends the discussion to EMG-based coherence methods for assessing neural connectivity. We focus first on EMG amplitude cancellation, which intrinsically limits the association between EMG amplitude and the intensity of the neural activation and then discuss the limitations of coherence methods (EEG-EMG, EMG-EMG) as a way to assess the strength of the transmission of synaptic inputs into trains of motor unit action potentials. The debated influence of rectification on EMG spectral analysis and coherence measures is also discussed. Alternatively, there have been a number of attempts to identify the neural information directly by decomposing surface EMG signals into the discharge times of motor unit action potentials. The application of this approach is extremely powerful, but validation remains a central issue.

Indexed as

ElectromyographyHumansMotor NeuronsNeuromuscular Junctionamplitude cancellationcoherencedecompositionmotor neuronmotor unitneural drive to musclerectificationspectral analysissurface EMG

Identifiers

PMID25277737
PMCPMC4254845

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.