ReviewFree radical biology & medicine2015
The Warburg effect: evolving interpretations of an established concept.
Review in Free radical biology & medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rosindol: A fluorogen for the quantitative measurement of reactive oxygen species in living cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Coke Oven Emission Exposure Triggers Malignant Transformation of Lung Epithelial Cells byEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Myocardial fibrosis and glycolysis: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis (2000-2024).Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Unveiling Targeted Approaches to Combat Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Chicken Embryo Extract Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix Sustains Self-Renewal and Differentiation for Scaffold-Free Cell Sheet Formation.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- A novel pan class-I glucose transporter inhibitor DRB18 exhibits synergistic effects with paclitaxelbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Regulation of drug resistance in bladder urothelial carcinoma by tumor aerobic glycolysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Alternative medicines in oncology: a focus on natural products against gastric cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- IL6/STAT3 induced GRWD1 mediates aerobic glycolysis via P53/GLUT1 signal axis in colon carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting the Mitochondria in High-Grade Gliomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- Impaired AMPK control of alveolar epithelial cell metabolism promotes pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Multimodal Phasor Approach to Study Breast Cancer Cell Invasion in a 3D Spheroid Model.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2025Article
- New insights into the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 and amyloid-β 42 derived cytotoxicity relevant to Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Redox Imbalance: Common Mechanisms in Cancer Stem Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Cells · 2025Review
- Reprogramming of Thyroid Cancer Metabolism: from Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Metabolism of tumor infiltrating T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Reactive Oxygen Species and its Manipulation Strategies in Cancer Treatment.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in viral infections: the interplay of glucose metabolism and immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Synthesis, Biological, and Computational Evaluations of Conformationally Restricted NAD-Mimics as Discriminant Inhibitors of Human NMN-Adenylyltransferase Isozymes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and altered bioenergetics have emerged as hallmarks of cancer and an area of active basic and translational cancer research. Drastically upregulated glucose transport and metabolism in most cancers regardless of the oxygen supply, a phenomenon called the Warburg effect, is a major focuses of the research. Warburg speculated that cancer cells, due to defective mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), switch to glycolysis for ATP synthesis, even in the presence of oxygen. Studies in the recent decade indicated that while glycolysis is indeed drastically upregulated in almost all cancer cells, mitochondrial respiration continues to operate normally at rates proportional to oxygen supply. There is no OXPHOS-to-glycolysis switch but rather upregulation of glycolysis. Furthermore, upregulated glycolysis appears to be for synthesis of biomass and reducing equivalents in addition to ATP production. The new finding that a significant amount of glycolytic intermediates is diverted to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for production of NADPH has profound implications in how cancer cells use the Warburg effect to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress, opening the door for anticancer interventions taking advantage of this. Recent findings in the Warburg effect and its relationship with ROS and oxidative stress controls will be reviewed. Cancer treatment strategies based on these new findings will be presented and discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.