ArticleOncotarget2014
MicroRNA-mediated down-regulation of NKG2D ligands contributes to glioma immune escape.
Article in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Potent antitumor activity through dual targeting of PD-L1 and TGF-β pathways in the glioma tumor microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Combinatorial therapy with resveratrol sensitizes glioblastoma to NKG2D CAR-T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- MicroRNA-based strategies to overcome the immunotherapy barrier in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A potential mechanism of tumor immune escape: Regulation and application of soluble natural killer group 2 member D ligands (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Immune modulatory microRNAs in tumors, their clinical relevance in diagnosis and therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
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- The modulation of immune cell death in connection to microRNAs and natural products.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
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- Epigenetic modulations of immune cells: from normal development to tumor progression.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Cancer ego-system in glioma: an iron-replenishing niche network systemically self-organized by cancer stem cells.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Review
- NK cells in the brain: implications for brain tumor development and therapy.Trends in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- OncomiRs as noncoding RNAs having functions in cancer: Their role in immune suppression and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Application of lipid-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Circulating Tumor Cells: Does Ion Transport Contribute to Intravascular Survival, Adhesion, Extravasation, and Metastatic Organotropism?Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Bispecific antibody-mediated redirection of NKG2D-CAR natural killer cells facilitates dual targeting and enhances antitumor activity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- The NKG2D ligand ULBP4 is not expressed by human monocytes.PloS one · 2021Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of NK Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- DHA Abolishes the Detrimental Effect of Docetaxel on Downregulation of the MICA via Decreasing the Expression Level of MicroRNA-20a in Gastric Cancer.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are intrinsic brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. They are well-adapted to hypoxic conditions and poorly immunogenic. NKG2D is one of the major activating receptors of natural killer (NK) cells and binds to several ligands (NKG2DL). Here we evaluated the impact of miRNA on the expression of NKG2DL in glioma cells including stem-like glioma cells. Three of the candidate miRNA predicted to target NKG2DL were expressed in various glioma cell lines as well as in glioblastomas in vivo: miR-20a, miR-93 and miR-106b. LNA inhibitor-mediated miRNA silencing up-regulated cell surface NKG2DL expression, which translated into increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis. This effect was reversed by neutralizing NKG2D antibodies, confirming that enhanced lysis upon miRNA silencing was mediated through the NKG2D system. Hypoxia, a hallmark of glioblastomas in vivo, down-regulated the expression of NKG2DL on glioma cells, associated with reduced susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis. This process, however, was not mediated through any of the examined miRNA. Accordingly, both hypoxia and the expression of miRNA targeting NKG2DL may contribute to the immune evasion of glioma cells at the level of the NKG2D recognition pathway. Targeting miRNA may therefore represent a novel approach to increase the immunogenicity of glioblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.