ArticleOncotarget2014
Liposome encapsulated Disulfiram inhibits NFκB pathway and targets breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing Disulfiram for Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut microenvironment-responsive copper selenide/disulfiram/eudragitJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A phase 1b open-label, dose-escalating study of safety and efficacy of disulfiram, copper and vinorelbine in advanced solid tumors.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- QbD assisted development of hyaluronic acid and TPGS incorporated DOX liposome(s): in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity, uptake, ROS, and NF-κB potential on MDA-MB-231 cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Disulfiram as an anti-inflammatory agent: mechanisms, nano-delivery strategies, and applications in non-oncologic diseases.RSC advances · 2025Review
- PEGylated Liposomes of Disulfiram and Paclitaxel: A Promising Chemotherapeutic Combination Against Chemoresistant Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Copper metabolism and cuproptosis: broad perspectives in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- PLGA-Nano-Encapsulated Disulfiram Inhibits Cancer Stem Cells and Targets Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Review
- Quality-by-design-based microemulsion of disulfiram for repurposing in melanoma and breast cancer therapy.Therapeutic delivery · 2024Article
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Boosts Antitumor Efficacy of Copper-Diethyldithiocarbamate Nanoparticles against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Regulating Cancer Stem Cell Metabolism.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Preparation and Characterisation of Zinc Diethyldithiocarbamate-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Potential Lung Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Review
- The immunomodulatory function and antitumor effect of disulfiram: paving the way for novel cancer therapeutics.Discover oncology · 2023Review
- Disulfiram 3D printed film produced via hot-melt extrusion techniques as a potential anticervical cancer candidate.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Nanoreporter for Real-Time Monitoring of Inflammasome Activity and Targeted Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Effect of Disulfiram on the Reproductive Capacity of Female Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Repurposed Drugs in Gastric Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy by Disulfiram through Inhibition of Podocyte Pyroptosis.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Direct targeted therapy for MLL-fusion-driven high-risk acute leukaemias.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are pan-resistant to different anticancer agents and responsible for cancer relapse. Disulfiram (DS), an antialcoholism drug, targets CSCs and reverses pan-chemoresistance. The anticancer application of DS is limited by its very short half-life in the bloodstream. This prompted us to develop a liposome-encapsulated DS (Lipo-DS) and examine its anticancer effect and mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The relationship between hypoxia and CSCs was examined by in vitro comparison of BC cells cultured in spheroid and hypoxic conditions. To determine the importance of NFκB activation in bridging hypoxia and CSC-related pan-resistance, the CSC characters and drug sensitivity in BC cell lines were observed in NFκB p65 transfected cell lines. The effect of Lipo-DS on the NFκB pathway, CSCs and chemosensitivity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The spheroid cultured BC cells manifested CSC characteristics and pan-resistance to anticancer drugs. This was related to the hypoxic condition in the spheres. Hypoxia induced activation of NFκB and chemoresistance. Transfection of BC cells with NFκB p65 also induced CSC characters and pan-resistance. Lipo-DS blocked NFκB activation and specifically targeted CSCs in vitro. Lipo-DS also targeted the CSC population in vivo and showed very strong anticancer efficacy. Mice tolerated the treatment very well and no significant in vivo nonspecific toxicity was observed. Hypoxia induced NFκB activation is responsible for stemness and chemoresistance in BCSCs. Lipo-DS targets NFκB pathway and CSCs. Further study may translate DS into cancer therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.