ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2014
First report on the association of drinking water hardness and endothelial function in children and adolescents.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Water hardness zoning of Isfahan Province, Iran, and its relationship with cardiovascular mortality, 2013-2015.ARYA atherosclerosis · 2019Article
- The Hardness of Drinking Water Negatively while Socio-Economic Deprivation Positively Correlate with the Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates due to Cardiovascular Diseases in Hungarian Wine Regions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Hydrogen excretion in pediatric lactose malabsorbers: relation to symptoms and the dose of lactose.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2018Article
- Premedication with oral pregabalin for the prevention of acute postsurgical pain in coronary artery bypass surgery.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2015Article
- Association of domestic water hardness with incident diabetic retinopathy and the mediating role of GID8: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study.Diabetes & vascular disease researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study aims to investigate the relationship of water hardness and its calcium and magnesium content with endothelial function in a population-based sample of healthy children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND
methodsThis case-control study was conducted in 2012 among 90 individuals living in two areas with moderate and high water hardness in Isfahan County, Iran. The flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and the serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) were measured as surrogate markers of endothelial function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as a marker of inflammation.
resultsData of 89 participants (51% boys, mean age 14.75 (2.9) years) were complete. Those participants living in the area with high water hardness had higher FMD, hs-CRP, and soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) than their counterparts living in the area with moderate water hardness. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factors of age, gender, body mass index, healthy eating index and physical activity level, total water hardness, as well as water content of calcium and magnesium, had a significant positive relationship with FMD. The corresponding associations were inverse and significant with soluble adhesion molecules (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThis study, which to the best of our knowledge is the first of its kind in the pediatric age group, suggests that water hardness, as well as its calcium and magnesium content, may have a protective role against early stages of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents.
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