ArticlePloS one2014
Synergism and antagonism between Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A and Cry1 proteins in Heliothis virescens, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgenic sugarcane harboringFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Transgenic Maize LD05 Against Fall Armyworm (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Interaction of insecticidal proteins from Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus thuringiensis for boll weevil management.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Stability is essential for insecticidal activity of Vip3Aa toxin against Spodoptera exigua.AMB Express · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains for the Management of Lepidopteran Pests.Neotropical entomology · 2021Article
- Advances in Control Strategies againstMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Vegetative Insecticidal Protein (Vip): A Potential Contender FromFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- TOXiTAXi: a web resource for toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis protein compositions towards species of various taxonomic groups.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the Toxicity of Supernatant Cultures and Spore-Crystal Mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Isolated from Algeria.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Current Insights on Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) as Next Generation Pest Killers.Toxins · 2020Review
- Article
- Specific binding betweenThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- When the Whole is Not Greater than the Sum of the Parts: A Critical Review of Laboratory Bioassay Effects Testing for Insecticidal Protein Interactions.Environmental entomology · 2018Review
- Transgenic cotton co-expressing chimeric Vip3AcAa and Cry1Ac confers effective protection against Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm.Transgenic research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Second generation Bt crops (insect resistant crops carrying Bacillus thuringiensis genes) combine more than one gene that codes for insecticidal proteins in the same plant to provide better control of agricultural pests. Some of the new combinations involve co-expression of cry and vip genes. Because Cry and Vip proteins have different midgut targets and possibly different mechanisms of toxicity, it is important to evaluate possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions between these two classes of toxins. Three members of the Cry1 class of proteins and three from the Vip3A class were tested against Heliothis virescens for possible interactions. At the level of LC50, Cry1Ac was the most active protein, whereas the rest of proteins tested were similarly active. However, at the level of LC90, Cry1Aa and Cry1Ca were the least active proteins, and Cry1Ac and Vip3A proteins were not significantly different. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, we found an antagonistic effect of Cry1Ca with the three Vip3A proteins. The interaction between Cry1Ca and Vip3Aa was also tested on two other species of Lepidoptera. Whereas antagonism was observed in Spodoptera frugiperda, synergism was found in Diatraea saccharalis. In all cases, the interaction between Vip3A and Cry1 proteins was more evident at the LC90 level than at the LC50 level. The fact that the same combination of proteins may result in a synergistic or an antagonistic interaction may be an indication that there are different types of interactions within the host, depending on the insect species tested.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.