ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Exosomes from hepatitis C infected patients transmit HCV infection and contain replication competent viral RNA in complex with Ago2-miR122-HSP90.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 266 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
266 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 404 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Review
- Hijacking Host Communication: The Central Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Disease Pathogenesis.Cells · 2026Review
- Neuronal Apoptotic Bodies Facilitate Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection and Pathogenicity.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Kinetics and characterization of extracellular vesicle release from cells infected with a clinical isolate of respiratory syncytial virus A (ON1 genotype).Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Exosomes mediate intercellular transmission of Tembusu virus via the NS4A-Rab27a axis.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Small extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of HPV16 transcripts from Ca Ski cells increases proliferation of HPV-negative recipient cancer cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Dengue virus harnesses mosquito Syntenin to load and secrete viral RNA into salivary exosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Review
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- An Argonaute protein traffics from nematode to mouse and is a vaccine against parasitic nematodes.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Microscopic messengers: roles and prospects of extracellular vesicles in hepatitis B and C.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles are associated with Getah virus RNA and transmission-related readoutsFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- NETosis-Like Response Triggered by Extracellular Vesicle (EV)-Delivered Viral Nucleic Acid, a Novel Cellular Immune Mechanism in Crustacean.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Integrative Mechanistic Studies Identify Reticulon-3 as a Critical Modulator of Infectious Exosome-Driven Dengue Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles for Clinical Diagnostics: From Bulk Measurements to Single-Vesicle Analysis.ACS nano · 2025Review
- A game of hide-and-seek: how extracellular vesicles evade the immune system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Mosquito Exosomal Tetraspanin CD151 Facilitates Flaviviral Transmission and Interacts with ZIKV and DENV2 Viral Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
206 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies targeting receptor-mediated entry of HCV into hepatocytes confer limited therapeutic benefits. Evidence suggests that exosomes can transfer genetic materials between cells; however, their role in HCV infection remains obscure. Here, we show that exosomes isolated from sera of chronic HCV infected patients or supernatants of J6/JFH1-HCV-infected Huh7.5 cells contained HCV RNA. These exosomes could mediate viral receptor-independent transmission of HCV to hepatocytes. Negative sense HCV RNA, indicative of replication competent viral RNA, was present in exosomes of all HCV infected treatment non-responders and some treatment-naïve individuals. Remarkably, HCV RNA was associated with Ago2, HSP90 and miR-122 in exosomes isolated from HCV-infected individuals or HCV-infected Huh7.5 cell supernatants. Exosome-loading with a miR-122 inhibitor, or inhibition of HSP90, vacuolar H+-ATPases, and proton pumps, significantly suppressed exosome-mediated HCV transmission to naïve cells. Our findings provide mechanistic evidence for HCV transmission by blood-derived exosomes and highlight potential therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.