ArticlePloS one2014
Immune biomarkers predictive of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04412265 (Relationship Between Frailty and Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Patients With COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Relationship Between Frailty and Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Patients With COVID-19
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking immune studies: population-level immune variations and the path forward.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Among Adults in Nursing and Care Homes: A Systematic Review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Pooled it
- The burden of respiratory infections among older adults in long-term care: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Is Efficacious and Safe in Frail Individuals.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Trial
- Respiratory virus immune response in the aged host.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
- The immune response to human cytomegalovirus: impact of age, co-morbidities and the significance of anti-viral activity assessment.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Minimal Impact of Prior Common Cold Coronavirus Exposure on Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination or Infection Risk in Older Adults in Congregate Care.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Adaptive immune responses against common viruses are sustained and functional in end-of-life patients.iScience · 2025Article
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Assessment of the Interferon-Lambda-3 Polymorphism in the Antibody Response to COVID-19 in Older Adults Seropositive for CMV.Vaccines · 2023Article
- The clinical and genomic epidemiology of seasonal human coronaviruses in congregate homeless shelter settings: A repeated cross-sectional study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Impact of vitamin D level and supplementation on systemic lupus erythematosus patients during COVID-19 pandemic.Archives of rheumatology · 2022Article
- Modeling of nursing care-associated airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a real-world hospital setting.GeroScience · 2022Article
- Tapping the immunological imprints to design chimeric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for elderly population.International reviews of immunology · 2022Review
- Viral coinfections in COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2021Review
- Nutritional screening based on objective indices at admission predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.Nutrition journal · 2021Observational
- Immunotherapy for COVID-19: Evolving treatment of viral infection and associated adverse immunological reactions.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2021Review
- Article
- Could nutritional and functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the elderly?Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if immune phenotypes associated with immunosenescence predict risk of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents.
methodsResidents ≥ 65 years from 32 nursing homes in 4 Canadian cities were enrolled in Fall 2009, 2010 and 2011, and followed for one influenza season. Following influenza vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained and analysed by flow cytometry for T-regs, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets (CCR7+CD45RA+, CCR7-CD45RA+ and CD28-CD57+) and CMV-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and tested for viruses in symptomatic residents. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex and frailty, determined the relationship between immune phenotypes and time to viral infection.
results1072 residents were enrolled; median age 86 years and 72% female. 269 swabs were obtained, 87 were positive for virus: influenza (24%), RSV (14%), coronavirus (32%), rhinovirus (17%), human metapneumovirus (9%) and parainfluenza (5%). In multivariable analysis, high T-reg% (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.81) and high CMV-reactive CD4+ T-cell% (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.78) were predictive of respiratory viral infection.
conclusionsIn elderly nursing home residents, high CMV-reactive CD4+ T-cells were associated with an increased risk and high T-regs were associated with a reduced risk of respiratory viral infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.