Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25275396›Full record

ArticlePLoS pathogens2014

Insights into Vibrio cholerae intestinal colonization from monitoring fluorescently labeled bacteria.

Yves A Millet, David Alvarez, Simon Ringgaard, Ulrich H von Andrian, Brigid M Davis, Matthew K Waldor

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
126citing papers in PubMed
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

126 citing papers in PubMed, 194 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. A quorum-sensing molecule fromProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  12. Cell-body curvature modulates stall frequency to enhancebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  16. Review
  17. Allelic variations and gene cluster modularity act as nonlinear bottlenecks for cholera emergence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Yves A MilletDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
David AlvarezDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Simon RinggaardDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Ulrich H von AndrianDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Brigid M DavisDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Matthew K WaldorDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Harvard University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Tetramer CoreU19AI095261 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2011 to 2015
$10.8M
T Cell Activation in Lymph NodesR01AI069259 · NIAID · IMMUNE DISEASE INSTITUTE, INC. · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2006 to 2015
$4.5M
Generation and Function of NK Cell MemoryR01AI111595 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI VON ANDRIAN, ULRICH H · 2013 to 2017
$4.1M
Molecular Biology and Virulence of CTX PhageR37AI042347 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WALDOR, MATTHEW K · 2008 to 2017
$3.8M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI069259NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI111595NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI042347NIAID NIH HHS R37-AI-042347NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI095261NIAID NIH HHS U19AI095261
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera, is a motile non-invasive pathogen that colonizes the small intestine (SI). Most of our knowledge of the processes required for V. cholerae intestinal colonization is derived from enumeration of wt and mutant V. cholerae recovered from orogastrically infected infant mice. There is limited knowledge of the distribution of V. cholerae within the SI, particularly its localization along the villous axis, or of the bacterial and host factors that account for this distribution. Here, using confocal and intravital two-photon microscopy to monitor the localization of fluorescently tagged V. cholerae strains, we uncovered unexpected and previously unrecognized features of V. cholerae intestinal colonization. Direct visualization of the pathogen within the intestine revealed that the majority of V. cholerae microcolonies attached to the intestinal epithelium arise from single cells, and that there are notable regiospecific aspects to V. cholerae localization and factors required for colonization. In the proximal SI, V. cholerae reside exclusively within the developing intestinal crypts, but they are not restricted to the crypts in the more distal SI. Unexpectedly, V. cholerae motility proved to be a regiospecific colonization factor that is critical for colonization of the proximal, but not the distal, SI. Furthermore, neither motility nor chemotaxis were required for proper V. cholerae distribution along the villous axis or in crypts, suggesting that yet undefined processes enable the pathogen to find its niches outside the intestinal lumen. Finally, our observations suggest that host mucins are a key factor limiting V. cholerae intestinal colonization, particularly in the proximal SI where there appears to be a more abundant mucus layer. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potent capacity of direct pathogen visualization during infection to deepen our understanding of host pathogen interactions.

Indexed as

Vibrio choleraeAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBacterial ProteinsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansIntestinal MucosaIntestine, SmallMiceVirulenceVirulence FactorsBacterial ProteinsVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID25275396
PMCPMC4183697
OpenAlexW2160900969

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.