SynthesisNeurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)2014
Systemic review of the epidemiology of autism in Arab Gulf countries.
Synthesis in Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06524310 (Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Cognitive Functions and Behavior in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD)
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Estimates of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Global autism prevalence, and exploring Montessori as a practical educational solution: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on Parents in Arab Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal Psychological Distress and Parent-Reported Child Behavioural and Emotional Outcomes Among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quality of Life and Specific Difficulties of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Saudi Primary Caregivers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Confounder-Adjusted Studies.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Autism-Related Knowledge and Quality of Life Among Caregivers of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Kuwait: Demographic Predictors and Implications for Family Support.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- MRI for patients with autism: evaluating radiologic technologists' awareness and practice in Saudi healthcare settings.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Caregiver mental health burden in families of children with autism in Saudi Arabia.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Raising Hopes, Facing Challenges: Understanding Parental Well-Being in the Midst of Autism in Saudi Arabia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Among 18 to 48 Month Old Children: A Multi-Center Study in Qatar.Global pediatric health · 2024Article
- Review
- Spectrofluorometric quantitative analysis of aripiprazole based on quenching of natural derived carbon quantum dots in spiked human plasma.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review of Studies on Assistive Technology Interventions and Their Impact on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Arab Countries.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Awareness and perceptions regarding autism among school teachers in Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- National screening for Egyptian children aged 1 year up to 12 years at high risk of Autism and its determinants: a step for determining what ASD surveillance needs.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Autism services in low-resource areas.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2023Article
- Occupational Therapy Education in Saudi Arabia: Barriers and Solutions From a Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Cureus · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology of autism in Arab Gulf countries, and identify gaps for future research.
methodsPubMed and ScienceDirect databases were used to identify relevant articles published until the 3rd of April 2013 (date of search). The search was conducted using the electronic library of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they concerned the epidemiology of autism, conducted in any Arab Gulf country, and published in English.
resultsTwelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies showed a prevalence ranging from 1.4 to 29 per 10,000 persons. Identified risk factors were metabolic, autoimmune, and environmental in nature. The following determinants were found as possible contributing factors for autism: suboptimal breast-feeding, advanced maternal and paternal age, cesarean section, and prenatal complications.
conclusionOnly a few studies explored the epidemiology of autism in Arab Gulf countries and none have investigated the burden of the disease on the child, family, or society. More research is needed to better identify the burden and risk factors of autism in Gulf countries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25274588PMC4727667What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.