ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2014
Unconscious relational encoding depends on hippocampus.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Shadow-Induced Forgetting in a Game-Based Paradigm on Nonclinical Adults and Its Effects on Consciousness, Emotional Valence, and Temporal Dynamics: Crossover Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Resting-State and Task-Based Functional Connectivity Reveal Distinct mPFC and Hippocampal Network Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Stimuli presented on the fringe of awareness do not cause proactive interference.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Context familiarity is a third kind of episodic memory distinct from item familiarity and recollection.iScience · 2024Article
- Local Neuronal Activity and the Hippocampal Functional Network Can Predict the Recovery of Consciousness in Individuals With Acute Disorders of Consciousness Caused by Neurological Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Inverse forgetting in unconscious episodic memory.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Inducing forgetting of unwanted memories through subliminal reactivation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The functional dissociation of posterior parietal regions during multimodal memory formation.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Atypical Brain Structures as a Function of Gray Matter Volume (GMV) and Gray Matter Density (GMD) in Young Adults Relating to Autism Spectrum Traits.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Functional Connectivity Alterations of the Temporal Lobe and Hippocampus in Semantic Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
- Experimental Investigation Examining the Effects of Acute Exercise on Implicit Memory Function.Europe's journal of psychology · 2019Article
- Exploring the neurocognitive basis of episodic recollection in autism.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2019Review
- Subliminal encoding and flexible retrieval of objects in scenes.Hippocampus · 2018Article
- Thalamic functional connectivity and its association with behavioral performance in older age.Brain and behavior · 2018Article
- Subliminally and Supraliminally Acquired Long-Term Memories Jointly Bias Delayed Decisions.Frontiers in psychology · 2017Article
- Visual short-term memory binding deficit in familial Alzheimer's disease.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2016Article
- Subliminal messages exert long-term effects on decision-making.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2016Article
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9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Textbooks divide between human memory systems based on consciousness. Hippocampus is thought to support only conscious encoding, while neocortex supports both conscious and unconscious encoding. We tested whether processing modes, not consciousness, divide between memory systems in three neuroimaging experiments with 11 amnesic patients (mean age=45.55 years, standard deviation=8.74, range=23-60) and 11 matched healthy control subjects. Examined processing modes were single item versus relational encoding with only relational encoding hypothesized to depend on hippocampus. Participants encoded and later retrieved either single words or new relations between words. Consciousness of encoding was excluded by subliminal (invisible) word presentation. Amnesic patients and controls performed equally well on the single item task activating prefrontal cortex. But only the controls succeeded on the relational task activating the hippocampus, while amnesic patients failed as a group. Hence, unconscious relational encoding, but not unconscious single item encoding, depended on hippocampus. Yet, three patients performed normally on unconscious relational encoding in spite of amnesia capitalizing on spared hippocampal tissue and connections to language cortex. This pattern of results suggests that processing modes divide between memory systems, while consciousness divides between levels of function within a memory system.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.