ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2014
The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 340 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
340 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 627 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of probiotics combined with statins on blood lipids, TMAO, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of Gut Microbiological Profiles of Inbred and Outbred Healthy Mice.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of prebiotics and phytochemicals on serum trimethylamine N-oxide reduction and gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association between constipation and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The NLRP3 inflammasome: a therapeutic target of phytochemicals in treating atherosclerosis (a systematic review).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Proposal of a health gut microbiome index based on a meta-analysis of Korean and global population datasets.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Association Between Vegan Diets and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Modulation of Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentrations by Dietary Supplements and Pharmacological Agents: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-generated trimethylamineAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic adjunctive therapy for children with primary hypertension.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Trial
- Plasma Trimethylamine-Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Trial
- Effects of a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines on vascular health and TMAO in women with cardiometabolic risk factors.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2022Trial
- Oral and Intestinal Bacterial Substances Associated with Disease Activities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.Journal of immunology research · 2022Trial
- An open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effectiveness of a novel probiotics administration protocol (ProbiotiCKD) in patients with mild renal insufficiency (stage 3a of CKD).European journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Plasma Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: a Pilot Study.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2019Trial
- Potential Roles of Escherichia coli in IgA Nephropathy: Evidence, Mechanistic Hypotheses and Microbiota-Targeted Strategies.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Membrane Raft Redox Signaling Mediates Trimethylamine N-Oxide-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Endothelial Dysfunction.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gut microbial trimethylamine N-oxide generation promotes risk of atrial fibrillation via muscarinic receptor-mediated autonomic dysfunction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Constipation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide, Real-World Cohort Study.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
280 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Our group recently discovered that certain dietary nutrients possessing a trimethylamine (TMA) moiety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease. A meta-organismal pathway was elucidated involving gut microbiota-dependent formation of TMA and host hepatic flavin monooxygenase 3-dependent (FMO3-dependent) formation of TMA-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite shown to be both mechanistically linked to atherosclerosis and whose levels are strongly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Collectively, these studies reveal that nutrient precursors, gut microbiota, and host participants along the meta-organismal pathway elucidated may serve as new targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.