Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25271640›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Experimental Infection of voles with Francisella tularensis indicates their amplification role in tularemia outbreaks.

Heidi Rossow, Kristian M Forbes, Eveliina Tarkka, Paula M Kinnunen, Heidi Hemmilä, Otso Huitu, Simo Nikkari, Heikki Henttonen, Anja Kipar, Olli Vapalahti

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Very Low Serological Evidence of Exposure toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  3. First molecular detection ofVeterinary and animal science · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Environmental Surveillance of ZoonoticFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018
    Article
  9. Environmental surveillance during an outbreak of tularaemia in hares, the Netherlands, 2015.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Respiratory Tularemia:The open microbiology journal · 2016
    Article
  14. Detection of Lyme Disease and Q Fever Agents in Wild Rodents in Central Italy.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2015
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Heidi RossowDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kristian M ForbesDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland.
Eveliina TarkkaDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland.
Paula M KinnunenCentre for Biothreat Preparedness, Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland.
Heidi HemmiläCentre for Biothreat Preparedness, Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland.
Otso HuituFinnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland.
Simo NikkariCentre for Biothreat Preparedness, Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland.
Heikki HenttonenFinnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland.
Anja KiparDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; School of Veterinary Science and Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Olli VapalahtiDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Finnish Defence Forces · FIUniversity of Helsinki · FIFinnish Environment Institute · FIHelsinki University Hospital · FIUniversity of Jyväskylä · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tularemia outbreaks in humans have been linked to fluctuations in rodent population density, but the mode of bacterial maintenance in nature is unclear. Here we report on an experiment to investigate the pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis infection in wild rodents, and thereby assess their potential to spread the bacterium. We infected 20 field voles (Microtus agrestis) and 12 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) with a strain of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica isolated from a human patient. Upon euthanasia or death, voles were necropsied and specimens collected for histological assessment and identification of bacteria by immunohistology and PCR. Bacterial excretion and a rapid lethal clinical course with pathological changes consistent with bacteremia and tissue necrosis were observed in infected animals. The results support a role for voles as an amplification host of F. tularensis, as excreta and, in particular, carcasses with high bacterial burden could serve as a source for environmental contamination.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksAnimalsArvicolinaeFrancisella tularensisTularemia

Identifiers

PMID25271640
PMCPMC4182746
OpenAlexW2041030791

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.