Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25271180›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of emergency medicine2014

Reducing anxiety in the pediatric emergency department: a comparative trial.

Benjamin R Heilbrunn, Rachael E Wittern, Justin B Lee, Phung K Pham, Anita H Hamilton, Alan L Nager

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of emergency medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02690194 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

A Prospective Study Investigating the Use of Relaxation Prior to Medical Procedures

TypeinterventionalSponsorBoston Children's HospitalRan2015 to 2017Enrolled54ConditionsPain, AnxietyArmsPlacebo Group, Buddhify Therapy
NCT04746079 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Positive Imagery Therapy and the Incidence of Emergence Reactions With the Use of Ketamine

TypeinterventionalSponsorMercy Health OhioRan2021 to 2023Enrolled180ConditionsProcedural Sedation, Emergence DeliriumArmsPositive Imagery Therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Medical clowning in hospitalized children: a meta-analysis.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Article
  8. Observational
  9. Article
  10. Review
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  15. The Effect of Therapeutic Play on Fear, Anxiety, and Treatment Compliance in Pediatric Emergency Nebulization.Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Benjamin R HeilbrunnDepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Rachael E WitternClinical Trials Unit, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California.
Justin B LeeClinical Trials Unit, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California.
Phung K PhamDivision of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California.
Anita H HamiltonChildren's Orthopedic Center, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Alan L NagerDivision of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Funding

LOS ANGELES BASIN CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR031986 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BUCHANAN, THOMAS A · 2010 to 2011
$21.1M
NCRR NIH HHS 1UL1RR031986NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR031986
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnxiety among patients in a pediatric emergency department (PED) can be significant, but often goes unaddressed.

objectiveOur aim was to determine whether exposure to Child Life (CL) or hospital clowning (HC) can reduce anxiety in children presenting to a PED.

methodsPatients were randomized to CL, HC, or control and assessed upon entry to examination room (T1), before physician arrival (T2), and during physician examination (T3), using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS). CL and HC interventions occurred for 5 to 10 min before physician entry. Effects were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance.

resultsm-YPAS scores ranged from 23 to 59, with a higher score indicating increased anxiety. Mixed analysis of variance on the study sample (n = 113) showed a significant interaction between groups (CL, HC, control) and time (p = 0.02). Additional analyses indicated effect of group only at T2 (CL: mean = 23.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.2-24.5; HC: mean 25.2; 95% CI 24.2-26.2; control: mean = 26.1; 95% CI 24.2-27.9; p = .02). Subanalysis of patients with T1 m-YPAS score ≥ 28 (n = 56) showed a significant interaction between group and time (p = 0.01). Additional analysis showed effect of group only at T2 (CL: mean 24.4; 95% CI 23.3-25.6; HC: mean 27.0; 95% CI 25.2-28.7; control: mean 29.2; 95% CI 25.6-32.7; p = 0.003).

conclusionsCL services can reduce state anxiety for patients presenting to a PED with heightened anxiety at baseline. This reduction occurred immediately after CL intervention, but was not observed in patients exposed to HC or during physician examination.

Indexed as

Patient Education as TopicWit and Humor as TopicAnalysis of VarianceAnxietyChildChild, PreschoolEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansIntraoperative CareMaleProspective StudiesPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesSingle-Blind MethodChild Lifeemergency departmenthospital clowningpediatricsstate anxiety

Identifiers

PMID25271180
PMCPMC4250442

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.