ArticleBMC genomics2014
Methyltransferases acquired by lactococcal 936-type phage provide protection against restriction endonuclease activity.
Article in BMC genomics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Identification of integrons and gene cassette-associated recombination sites in bacteriophage genomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Phage-Encoded Sigma Factors Alter Bacterial Dormancy.mSphere · 2022Article
- Review
- Phenotypic and Genomic Comparison ofViruses · 2021Article
- Complete Genome Sequences of 10 LactococcalMicrobiology resource announcements · 2021Article
- Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family InfectingFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Flexible genes establish widespread bacteriophage pan-genomes in cryoconite hole ecosystems.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Isolation and characterisation of novel phages infecting Lactobacillus plantarum and proposal of a new genus, "Silenusvirus".Scientific reports · 2020Article
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- Deciphering bacterial epigenomes using modern sequencing technologies.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2019Review
- Evolution of the Quorum network and the mobilome (plasmids and bacteriophages) in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii during a decade.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Global Survey and Genome Exploration of Bacteriophages Infecting the Lactic Acid BacteriumFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSo-called 936-type phages are among the most frequently isolated phages in dairy facilities utilising Lactococcus lactis starter cultures. Despite extensive efforts to control phage proliferation and decades of research, these phages continue to negatively impact cheese production in terms of the final product quality and consequently, monetary return.
resultsWhole genome sequencing and in silico analysis of three 936-type phage genomes identified several putative (orphan) methyltransferase (MTase)-encoding genes located within the packaging and replication regions of the genome. Utilising SMRT sequencing, methylome analysis was performed on all three phages, allowing the identification of adenine modifications consistent with N-6 methyladenine sequence methylation, which in some cases could be attributed to these phage-encoded MTases. Heterologous gene expression revealed that M.Phi145I/M.Phi93I and M.Phi93DAM, encoded by genes located within the packaging module, provide protection against the restriction enzymes HphI and DpnII, respectively, representing the first functional MTases identified in members of 936-type phages.
conclusionsSMRT sequencing technology enabled the identification of the target motifs of MTases encoded by the genomes of three lytic 936-type phages and these MTases represent the first functional MTases identified in this species of phage. The presence of these MTase-encoding genes on 936-type phage genomes is assumed to represent an adaptive response to circumvent host encoded restriction-modification systems thereby increasing the fitness of the phages in a dynamic dairy environment.
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