ArticleMucosal immunology2015
MAIT cells are licensed through granzyme exchange to kill bacterially sensitized targets.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 251 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 386 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint expression in mucosal-associated invariant T cells is stimulus-dependent.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Pooled it
- Mining the multifunction of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in hematological malignancies and transplantation immunity: A promising hexagon soldier in immunomodulatory.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation in marathonists and its impact on lymphocyte population and function after a marathon: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Opsonization-Enhanced Antigen Presentation by MR1 Activates Rapid Polyfunctional MAIT Cell Responses Acting as an Effector Arm of Humoral Antibacterial Immunity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Trial
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells and Vδ2Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Enumeration, functional responses and cytotoxic capacity of MAIT cells in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Review
- Human MAITregs possess diverse TCR repertoires and are functionally supported by glycolysis.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- 4-1BB Expression and Signaling Regulates MAIT Cell Activation and Effector Functions.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells support IL-15-dependent Treg response in skin injury and promote resolution of skin inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Avoidance of MAIT cells is an essential determinant ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are reduced and dysfunctional in acute melioidosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Restoration of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T-Cell Function in Healthcare-Associated Bacterial Infections Supports Recovery of Carbapenem Efficacy Against Resistant Bacteria Ex Vivo.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins Regulate Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Function.Immunology · 2026Article
- Nonclassical MHC-I Molecules: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Next-Generation Immunotherapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Dual Roles of MAIT Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Immunity and Therapy.Immune network · 2026Review
- IL-21 Selectively Augments Cytotoxic Potential of Antigen-Activated MAIT Cells.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal MAIT cells in chronic HIV-1 infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Unconventional guardians of the brain: MAIT cells as emerging players in glioblastoma immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T-cell population restricted by the non-polymorphic, major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein 1, MR1. MAIT cells are activated by a broad range of bacteria through detection of riboflavin metabolites bound by MR1, but their direct cytolytic capacity upon recognition of cognate target cells remains unclear. We show that resting human MAIT cells are uniquely characterized by a lack of granzyme (Gr) B and low perforin expression, key granule proteins required for efficient cytotoxic activity, but high levels of expression of GrA and GrK. Bacterial activation of MAIT cells rapidly induced GrB and perforin, licensing these cells to kill their cognate target cells. Using a novel flow cytometry-based killing assay, we show that licensed MAIT cells, but not ex vivo MAIT cells from the same donors, can efficiently kill Escherichia coli-exposed B-cell lines in an MR1- and degranulation-dependent manner. Finally, we show that MAIT cells are highly proliferative in response to antigenic and cytokine stimulation, maintaining high expression of GrB, perforin, and GrA, but reduced expression of GrK following antigenic proliferation. The tightly regulated cytolytic capacity of MAIT cells may have an important role in the control of intracellular bacterial infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.