ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2014
Linking estrogen-induced apoptosis with decreases in mortality following long-term adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Estrogen Regulated Genes Compel Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells, Whilst Stimulate Antitumor Activity in Peritumoral Immune Cells in a Janus-Faced Manner.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Review
- The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway: the unsung hero in breast cancer management.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2023Review
- Review
- The Structure-Function Relationship of Angular Estrogens and Estrogen Receptor Alpha to Initiate Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells.Molecular pharmacology · 2020Article
- The SERM Saga, Something from Nothing: American Cancer Society/SSO Basic Science Lecture.Annals of surgical oncology · 2019Article
- Endoxifen, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and an Estrogenic Derivative Modulate Estrogen Receptor Complex Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer.Molecular pharmacology · 2018Article
- Successful Targeted Therapies for Breast Cancer: the Worcester Foundation and Future Opportunities in Women's Health.Endocrinology · 2018Review
- Exogenous reproductive hormone use in breast cancer survivors and previvors.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2018Review
- A unifying biology of sex steroid-induced apoptosis in prostate and breast cancers.Endocrine-related cancer · 2018Review
- Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- The 4Ps of Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: Putting Proven Principles into Practice.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2017Article
- A Raloxifene Withdrawal Response: Translational Research, Definitions, and Clinical Applications.Integrative cancer therapies · 2016Article
- Prediction of ovarian function in premenopausal breast cancer patients with amenorrhoea after chemotherapy: a simple clinical score.SpringerPlus · 2016Article
- The modulation of estrogen-induced apoptosis as an interpretation of the women's health initiative trials.Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · 2016Article
- The molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of targeting the estrogen receptor following estrogen deprivation therapy.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2015Review
- Integration of Downstream Signals of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Estrogen-Induced Growth or Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2015Article
- Estrogen receptor mutations found in breast cancer metastases integrated with the molecular pharmacology of selective ER modulators.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2015Article
- The new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis applied to treat and prevent breast cancer.Endocrine-related cancer · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The impressive first results of the Adjuvant Tamoxifen: Longer Against Shorter (ATLAS) and the adjuvant Tamoxifen To offer more (aTTom) trials both demonstrate that 10 years of tamoxifen is superior to five years of treatment. Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that blocks estrogen-stimulated tumor growth. Paradoxically, mortality decreases dramatically only in the decade after long-term tamoxifen is stopped. It is proposed that the evolution and clonal selection of micrometastases that acquire tamoxifen resistance now become increasingly vulnerable to endogenous estrogen-induced apoptosis. Laboratory and clinical studies confirm the concept, and supporting clinical evidence from the estrogen-alone trial in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), demonstrate that long-term estrogen-deprived women given exogenous physiologic estrogen have a decreased incidence of breast cancer and decreased mortality. It is proposed that a natural process of apoptosis is recruited to execute the long-term survival benefit of stopping ten years of adjuvant tamoxifen, but only after clonal selection of vulnerable breast cancer cells in an estrogen-deprived environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.