ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2014
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions with ethanol (alcohol).
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Effect of alcohol coadministration on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of lemborexant: A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Trial
- Frequency and Types of Pathological Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Findings in Clinically Healthy Individuals.Drugs in R&D · 2020Trial
- Pharmacokinetic interaction between ketamine and ethanol: evaluation and forensic implications.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- An assessment of the suitability of online blood alcohol concentration calculators.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2026Article
- Ethanol as a Modifier of Drug Toxicity in Humans: Pathways of Toxicity and Organ-Level Consequences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Questions on Medicines, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Interactions in the Finnish AddictionLink Online Service: A Descriptive Analysis.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Article
- Age-Appropriateness of Oral Formulations Authorized for Pediatrics.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- The role of CYP3A-CYP2E1 interactions in activation of CYP3A enzymes by chronic alcohol exposure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The need to incorporate polysubstance use in neuropsychopharmacology research: Biological lessons and new opportunities.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- The interaction between paracetamol and ethanol during the early development of zebrafish.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Ethanol-Withanolides Interactions: Compound-Specific Effects on Zebrafish Larvae Locomotor Behavior and GABAA Receptor Subunit Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of physiological characteristics, smoking, and alcohol use on isoniazid hair drug levels among pulmonary TB patients: a cross-sectional study at one month of intensive TB treatment.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Effects of Chronic Alcohol Intake on the Composition of the Ensemble of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in the Human Liver.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Drug interactions in patients with alcohol use disorder: results from a real-world study on an addiction-specific ward.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
- Food-drug interactions: Modelling knowledge and attitude among healthcare professionals at the Ho Teaching Hospital.PloS one · 2025Article
- Missed opportunities: the detection and management of at-risk drinking and illicit drug use in acutely hospitalized patients.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2025Article
- Non-additivity of the functional properties of individual P450 species and its manifestation in the effects of alcohol consumption on the metabolism of ketamine and amitriptyline.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Influence of inpatient withdrawal treatment on drug safety in alcohol use disorder - a quasi-experimental pre-post study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ethanol (alcohol) is one of the most widely used legal drugs in the world. Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 drug-metabolizing enzyme that is also responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics and fatty acids. Drugs that inhibit ADH or CYP2E1 are the most likely theoretical compounds that would lead to a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction with ethanol, which include only a limited number of drugs. Acute ethanol primarily alters the pharmacokinetics of other drugs by changing the rate and extent of absorption, with more limited effects on clearance. Both acute and chronic ethanol use can cause transient changes to many physiologic responses in different organ systems such as hypotension and impairment of motor and cognitive functions, resulting in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Evaluating drug interactions with long-term use of ethanol is uniquely challenging. Specifically, it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of long-term ethanol use on liver pathology and chronic malnutrition. Ethanol-induced liver disease results in decreased activity of hepatic metabolic enzymes and changes in protein binding. Clinical studies that include patients with chronic alcohol use may be evaluating the effects of mild cirrhosis on liver metabolism, and not just ethanol itself. The definition of chronic alcohol use is very inconsistent, which greatly affects the quality of the data and clinical application of the results. Our study of the literature has shown that a significantly higher volume of clinical studies have focused on the pharmacokinetic interactions of ethanol and other drugs. The data on pharmacodynamic interactions are more limited and future research addressing pharmacodynamic interactions with ethanol, especially regarding the non-central nervous system effects, is much needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.