Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25267045›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2014

Delays in diagnosis of young females with symptomatic cervical cancer in England: an interview-based study.

Anita W Lim, Amanda J Ramirez, William Hamilton, Peter Sasieni, Julietta Patnick, Lindsay Jl Forbes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Patient and primary care delays in the diagnostic pathway of gynaecological cancers: a systematic review of influencing factors.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019
    Pooled it
  6. Patient involvement in diagnosing cancer in primary care: a systematic review of current interventions.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2018
    Pooled it
  7. Review
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  13. Unveiling delays: understanding the diagnostic pathways of women with advanced cervical cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
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  20. Pre-diagnosis Symptoms, Attributed Causes, and Healthcare Seeking Assets of Younger Colorectal Cancer Survivors.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Anita W LimKings College London Promoting Early Cancer Presentation Group, King's College London, London.
Amanda J RamirezKings College London Promoting Early Cancer Presentation Group, King's College London, London.
William HamiltonUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Primary care diagnostics, Exeter.
Peter SasieniCentre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.
Julietta PatnickPublic Health England, NHS Cancer Screening Programmes, Sheffield.
Lindsay Jl ForbesKings College London Promoting Early Cancer Presentation Group, King's College London, London.

Funding

Cancer Research UK 16892
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiagnosis may be delayed in young females with cervical cancer because of a failure to recognise symptoms.

aimTo examine the extent and determinants of delays in diagnosis of young females with symptomatic cervical cancer. DESIGN AND

settingA national descriptive study of time from symptoms to diagnosis of cervical cancer and risk factors for delay in diagnosis at all hospitals diagnosing cervical cancer in England.

methodOne-hundred and twenty-eight patients <30 years with a recent diagnosis of cervical cancer were interviewed. Patient delay was defined as ≥3 months from symptom onset to first presentation and provider delay as ≥ 3 months from first presentation to diagnosis.

resultsForty (31%) patients had presented symptomatically: 11 (28%) delayed presentation. Patient delay was more common in patients <25 than patients aged 25-29 (40% versus 15%, P = 0.16). Vaginal discharge was more common among patients who delayed presentation than those who did not; many reported not recognising this as a possible cancer symptom. Provider delay was reported by 24/40 (60%); in some no report was found in primary care records of a visual inspection of the cervix and some did not re-attend after the first presentation for several months. Gynaecological symptoms were common (84%) among patients who presented via screening.

conclusionsYoung females with cervical cancer frequently delay presentation, and not recognising symptoms as serious may increase the risk of delay. Delay in diagnosis after first presentation is also common. There is some evidence that UK guidelines for managing young females with abnormal bleeding are not being followed.

Indexed as

Abdominal PainAdultChecklistDelayed DiagnosisDyspareuniaEnglandFemaleGuideline AdherenceGynecologyHumansInterviews as TopicMedical History TakingPatient Acceptance of Health CarePrimary Health CareReferral and ConsultationRisk Factorscervical cancerdelaysearly diagnosissymptomsyoung females

Identifiers

PMID25267045
PMCPMC4173722

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.