Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25266425›Full record

Trial reportPediatrics2014

Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function.

Charles H Hillman, Matthew B Pontifex, Darla M Castelli, Naiman A Khan, Lauren B Raine, Mark R Scudder, Eric S Drollette, Robert D Moore, Chien-Ting Wu, Keita Kamijo

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 256 papers, 26 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
256citing papers in PubMed, 26 pooled it
63.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

256 citing papers in PubMed, 26 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 633 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. High-Intensity Interval Training upon Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes in Youth: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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  17. Physical Activity and Cognitive Aspects of Self-Regulation in Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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196 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Charles H HillmanDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois; chhillma@illinois.edu.
Matthew B PontifexDepartment of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
Darla M CastelliDepartment of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas;
Naiman A KhanDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois;
Lauren B RaineDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois;
Mark R ScudderDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois;
Eric S DrolletteDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois;
Robert D MooreDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois;
Chien-Ting WuDepartment of Exercise Science, Schreiner College, Kerrville, Texas; and.
Keita KamijoSchool of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · USMichigan State University · USSchreiner University · USThe University of Texas at Austin · USWaseda University · JP

Funding

ERPs to Academics: Exercise Effects on Cognition in School-Aged ChildrenR01HD055352 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI HILLMAN, CHARLES H · 2008 to 2011
$1.3M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD055352
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the effect of a physical activity (PA) intervention on brain and behavioral indices of executive control in preadolescent children.

methodsTwo hundred twenty-one children (7-9 years) were randomly assigned to a 9-month afterschool PA program or a wait-list control. In addition to changes in fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), electrical activity in the brain (P3-ERP) and behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) of executive control were collected by using tasks that modulated attentional inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

resultsFitness improved more among intervention participants from pretest to posttest compared with the wait-list control (1.3 mL/kg per minute, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 2.4; d = 0.34 for group difference in pre-to-post change score). Intervention participants exhibited greater improvements from pretest to posttest in inhibition (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.0 to 6.5; d = 0.27) and cognitive flexibility (4.8%, 95% CI: 1.1 to 8.4; d = 0.35 for group difference in pre-to-post change score) compared with control. Only the intervention group increased attentional resources from pretest to posttest during tasks requiring increased inhibition (1.4 µV, 95% CI: 0.3 to 2.6; d = 0.34) and cognitive flexibility (1.5 µV, 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5; d = 0.43). Finally, improvements in brain function on the inhibition task (r = 0.22) and performance on the flexibility task correlated with intervention attendance (r = 0.24).

conclusionsThe intervention enhanced cognitive performance and brain function during tasks requiring greater executive control. These findings demonstrate a causal effect of a PA program on executive control, and provide support for PA for improving childhood cognition and brain health.

Indexed as

Body WeightBrainChildCognitionExecutive FunctionExerciseFemaleHumansMalePhysical FitnessPsychomotor PerformanceReaction Timeaerobic fitnesscognitionphysical activityrandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID25266425
PMCPMC4179093
OpenAlexW2129893863

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.