Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25266381›Full record

ArticleJournal of bacteriology2014

The Type II secretion system delivers matrix proteins for biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae.

Tanya L Johnson, Jiunn C Fong, Chelsea Rule, Andrew Rogers, Fitnat H Yildiz, Maria Sandkvist

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. T2SS Components GspJ, GspL, and GspM Regulate Virulence inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  2. Enrichment isolation and metabolic characteristics ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  3. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
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  12. Frontiers in medicine · 2023
    Review
  13. Comparative Genomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Tanya L JohnsonDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Jiunn C FongDepartment of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Chelsea RuleDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Andrew RogersDepartment of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Fitnat H YildizDepartment of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Maria SandkvistDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA mariasan@umich.edu.
University of California, Santa Cruz · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

Smooth to Rugose phase variation in Vibrio choleraeR01AI055987 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI YILDIZ, HAVVA FITNAT · 2003 to 2019
$4.4M
Organization and Function of a Type II Secretion ComplexR01AI049294 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SANDKVIST, MARIA B · 2002 to 2012
$2.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI049294NIAID NIH HHS R01AI049294NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI055987NIAID NIH HHS R01AI055987
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gram-negative bacteria have evolved several highly dedicated pathways for extracellular protein secretion, including the type II secretion (T2S) system. Since substrates secreted via the T2S system include both virulence factors and degradative enzymes, this secretion system is considered a major survival mechanism for pathogenic and environmental species. Previous analyses revealed that the T2S system mediates the export of ≥ 20 proteins in Vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen that is indigenous to the marine environment. Here we demonstrate a new role in biofilm formation for the V. cholerae T2S system, since wild-type V. cholerae was found to secrete the biofilm matrix proteins RbmC, RbmA, and Bap1 into the culture supernatant, while an isogenic T2S mutant could not. In agreement with this finding, the level of biofilm formation in a static microtiter assay was diminished in T2S mutants. Moreover, inactivation of the T2S system in a rugose V. cholerae strain prevented the development of colony corrugation and pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface. In contrast, extracellular secretion of the exopolysaccharide VPS, an essential component of the biofilm matrix, remained unaffected in the T2S mutants. Our results indicate that the T2S system provides a mechanism for the delivery of extracellular matrix proteins known to be important for biofilm formation by V. cholerae. Because the T2S system contributes to the pathogenicity of V. cholerae by secreting proteins such as cholera toxin and biofilm matrix proteins, elucidation of the molecular mechanism of T2S has the potential to lead to the development of novel preventions and therapies.

Indexed as

Bacterial Secretion SystemsBacterial ProteinsBiofilmsExtracellular Matrix ProteinsGene Knockout TechniquesVibrio choleraeVirulence FactorsBacterial ProteinsBacterial Secretion SystemsExtracellular Matrix ProteinsVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID25266381
PMCPMC4248848
OpenAlexW2127272216

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.