Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25265262›Full record

ArticleInflammatory bowel diseases2014

Carbohydrate intake in the etiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Simon S M Chan, Robert Luben, Fiona van Schaik, Bas Oldenburg, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Göran Hallmans, Pontus Karling, Stefan Lindgren, Olof Grip, Timothy Key and 15 more

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 16 institutions in 8 countries.

Simon S M Chan1Norwich Medical School, Department of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom; 3Strangeways Research Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; 4University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 5National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; 7Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 8Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, GI Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 9Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; 10Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 11Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany; 12Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Denmark; 13Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Centre, Florence, Italy; 14INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris, France; 15Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Paris, France; 16Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; 17Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; 18Division of Clinical Epidemiology, DKFZ-German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; 19Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; 20WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens, Greece.
Robert Luben
Fiona van Schaik
Bas Oldenburg
H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
Göran Hallmans
Pontus Karling
Stefan Lindgren
Olof Grip
Timothy Key
Francesca L Crowe
Manuela M Bergmann
Kim Overvad
Domenico Palli
Giovanna Masala
Kay-Tee Khaw
Antoine Racine
Franck Carbonnel
Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
Anja Olsen
Anne Tjonneland
Rudolf Kaaks
Rosario Tumino
Antonia Trichopoulou
Andrew R Hart
Danish Cancer Society · DKLund University · SEPrevention Institute · USUmeå University · SEUniversité Paris-Sud · FRUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of East Anglia · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBUtrecht University · NLAarhus University · DKAzienda Usl 8 Arezzo · ITCenter for Nutrition Policy and Promotion · USGerman Institute of Human Nutrition · DEHeidelberg University · DEImperial College London · GBInserm · FR

Funding

Cancer Research UK 14136Cancer Research UK 16491Medical Research Council G0401527Medical Research Council G1000143
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiet may have a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease. In previous studies, the associations between increased intakes of carbohydrates, sugar, starch, and inflammatory bowel disease are inconsistent. However, few prospective studies have investigated the associations between these macronutrients and incident Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC).

methodsA total of 401,326 men and women were recruited between 1991 and 1998. At recruitment, dietary intakes of carbohydrate, sugar, and starch were measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. The cohort was monitored identifying participants who developed incident CD or UC. Cases were matched with 4 controls, and odds ratios were calculated for quintiles of total carbohydrate, sugar, and starch intakes adjusted for total energy intake, body mass index, and smoking.

resultsOne hundred ten participants developed CD, and 244 participants developed UC during follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total carbohydrate intake for CD was 0.87, 95% CI = 0.24 to 3.12 and for UC 1.46, 95% CI = 0.62 to 3.46, with no significant trends across quintiles for either (CD, P trend = 0.70; UC, P trend = 0.41). Similarly, no associations were observed with intakes of total sugar (CD, P trend = 0.50; UC, P trend = 0.71) or starch (CD, P trend = 0.69; UC, P trend = 0.17).

conclusionsThe lack of associations with these nutrients is in agreement with many case-control studies that have not identified associations with CD or UC. As there is biological plausibility for how specific carbohydrates could have an etiological role in inflammatory bowel disease, future epidemiological work should assess individual carbohydrates, although there does not seem to be a macronutrient effect.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBody Mass IndexCarbohydratesCase-Control StudiesColitis, UlcerativeCrohn DiseaseDietEnergy IntakeEuropeFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleCarbohydrates

Identifiers

PMID25265262
PMCPMC4213135
OpenAlexW2115271581

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.