ArticlePloS one2014
Electroencephalographic variation during end maintenance and emergence from surgical anesthesia.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07533370 (Extended Emergence Trajectory on Post-Anesthesia Care Units Events in Ambulatory Lower-Extremity Orthopedic Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Extended Emergence Trajectory on Post-Anesthesia Care Units Events in Ambulatory Lower-Extremity Orthopedic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond processed depth targets: frontal EEG patterns, brain vulnerability, and postoperative delirium in older adults.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Review
- Dynamic Electrocortical States and Paradoxical Complexity during Desflurane Anesthesia.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Enhanced Sensitivity and Altered EEG Patterns During General Anesthesia in BTBR Mice, a Model of Autism.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Electroencephalographic phenotypes of postoperative delirium in the perioperative period.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Dynamic electrocortical states and paradoxical complexity during desflurane anesthesia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Reanimation of rodents: an animal model for cognitive recovery from anaesthesia.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- A probabilistic model of behavioural emergence from general anaesthesia in mice.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Substance-dependent EEG during recovery from anesthesia and optimization of monitoring.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Article
- Separation of responsive and unresponsive patients under clinical conditions: comparison of symbolic transfer entropy and permutation entropy.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Article
- Hormonal basis of sex differences in anesthetic sensitivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Intraoperative Sleep Spindle Activity and Postoperative Sleep Disturbance in Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Electroencephalographic insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of emergence delirium in children and corresponding clinical treatment strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Analgesia for the Bayesian Brain: How Predictive Coding Offers Insights Into the Subjectivity of Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Linear thinking does not reflect the newer 21st-century anesthesia concepts. A narrative review.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2023Review
- [Processed EEG for personalized dosing of anesthetics during general anesthesia].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2023Review
- Age-dependent neurovascular coupling characteristics in children and adults during general anesthesia.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
- A scoping review for building a criticality-based conceptual framework of altered states of consciousness.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2023Article
- Weakly Correlated Local Cortical State Switches under Anesthesia Lead to Strongly Correlated Global States.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Perioperative Brain Function Monitoring with Electroencephalography in Horses Anesthetized with Multimodal Balanced Anesthetic Protocol Subjected to Surgeries.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Consciousness is supported by near-critical slow cortical electrodynamics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The re-establishment of conscious awareness after discontinuing general anesthesia has often been assumed to be the inverse of loss of consciousness. This is despite the obvious asymmetry in the initiation and termination of natural sleep. In order to characterize the restoration of consciousness after surgery, we recorded frontal electroencephalograph (EEG) from 100 patients in the operating room during maintenance and emergence from general anesthesia. We have defined, for the first time, 4 steady-state patterns of anesthetic maintenance based on the relative EEG power in the slow-wave (<14 Hz) frequency bands that dominate sleep and anesthesia. Unlike single-drug experiments performed in healthy volunteers, we found that surgical patients exhibited greater electroencephalographic heterogeneity while re-establishing conscious awareness after drug discontinuation. Moreover, these emergence patterns could be broadly grouped according to the duration and rapidity of transitions amongst these slow-wave dominated brain states that precede awakening. Most patients progressed gradually from a pattern characterized by strong peaks of delta (0.5-4 Hz) and alpha/spindle (8-14 Hz) power ('Slow-Wave Anesthesia') to a state marked by low delta-spindle power ('Non Slow-Wave Anesthesia') before awakening. However, 31% of patients transitioned abruptly from Slow-Wave Anesthesia to waking; they were also more likely to express pain in the post-operative period. Our results, based on sleep-staging classification, provide the first systematized nomenclature for tracking brain states under general anesthesia from maintenance to emergence, and suggest that these transitions may correlate with post-operative outcomes such as pain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.