ArticleInternational trends in immunity2013
CCL21 Chemokine Therapy for Lung Cancer.
Article in International trends in immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural and Engineered Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics.Annual review of cancer biology · 2026Article
- Article
- CCL21-DC in situ vaccination in murine NSCLC overcomes resistance to immunotherapy and generates systemic tumor-specific immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Serum cytokine levels and other associated factors as possible immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic indicators for lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Intratumor injection of CCL21-coupled vault nanoparticles is associated with reduction in tumor volume in an in vivo model of glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Latest Advances in the Development of Eukaryotic Vaults as Targeted Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Substrate-bound CCL21 and ICAM1 combined with soluble IL-6 collectively augment the expansion of antigen-specific murine CD4Blood advances · 2017Article
- Chemokines and their receptors in lung cancer progression and metastasis.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2016Review
- CCR9 in cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2016Review
- Production of Recombinant Chemokines and Validation of Refolding.Methods in enzymology · 2016Article
- Differential ligand-signaling network of CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 system.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2015Article
- CCL21 Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a challenging health problem with more than 1.1 million deaths worldwide annually. With current therapy, the long term survival for the majority of lung cancer patients remains low, thus new therapeutic strategies are needed. One such strategy would be to develop immune therapy for lung cancer. Immune approaches remain attractive because although surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy alone or in combination produce response rates in all histological types of lung cancer, relapse is frequent. Strategies that harness the immune system to react against tumors can be integrated with existing forms of therapy for optimal responses toward this devastating disease. Both antigen presenting cell (APC) and T cell activities are reduced in the lung tumor microenvironment. In this review we discuss our experience with efforts to restore host APC and T cell activities in the lung cancer microenvironment by intratumoral administration of dendritic cells (DC) expressing the CCR7 receptor ligand CCL21 (secondary lymphoid chemokine, SLC). Based on the results demonstrating that CCL21 is an effective anti cancer agent in the pre-clinical lung tumor model systems, a phase I clinical trial was initiated using intratumoral injection of CCL21 gene modified autologous DC in lung cancer. Results from the trial thus far indicate tolerability, immune enhancement and tumor shrinkage via this approach.
Identifiers
25264541PMC4175527W2318041420What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.