SynthesisBMJ clinical evidence2014
Croup.
Synthesis in BMJ clinical evidence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05668364 (Outdoor Cold Air Exposure Versus Room Temperature for Croup Symptoms in Pediatric Emergency Departments), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Outdoor Cold Air Exposure Versus Room Temperature for Croup Symptoms in Pediatric Emergency Departments: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucocorticoids for croup in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Heliox for croup in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Defining atypical croup: A case report and review of the literature.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2019Pooled it
- Heliox for croup in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Prediction of post-extubation stridor using ultrasound measurement of subglottic airway diameter.The ultrasound journal · 2026Article
- Management Patterns of Croup in Korean Emergency Departments: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Associated With the Usage of Nebulised Adrenaline for Acute Stridor: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Transformers for rapid detection of airway stenosis and stridor.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Treatment pathways and rebound-rate of prehospital viral croup attacks-data from a prehospital pediatric physician led emergency service-a prospective observational follow-up study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- An Overview of the Effectiveness of Corticoids in Croup: A Systematic Literature Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Human airway and lung microbiome at the crossroad of health and disease (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Two Case Reports of Life-Threatening Croup Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant in Pediatric Patients.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Article
- Variation in Dexamethasone Dosing and Use Outcomes for Inpatient Croup.Hospital pediatrics · 2022Article
- Steroid-induced psychosis in a child with croup: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2021Article
- Pediatric airway compromise due to thyroid storm associated with influenza A infection: A case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2020Article
- A 9-Month-Old Boy With "3 Months of Croup" a Devil Inside.Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCroup is characterised by the abrupt onset, most commonly at night, of a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, and respiratory distress due to upper airway obstruction. It leads to signs of upper airway obstruction, and must be differentiated from acute epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, or an inhaled foreign body. Croup affects about 3% of children per year, usually between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, and 75% of infections are caused by parainfluenza virus. Symptoms usually resolve within 48 hours, but severe upper airway obstruction can, rarely, lead to respiratory failure and arrest. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments in children with mild croup and moderate to severe croup? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
resultsWe found 19 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
conclusionsIn this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: corticosteroids (dexamethasone, intramuscular and oral), nebulised budesonide, oral prednisolone, heliox, humidification, and nebulised adrenaline (racemate and L-adrenaline [ephinephrine]).
Indexed as
Identifiers
25263284PMC4178284W4299444856What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.