ArticleThe Prostate2015
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis induces microglial activation in the spinal cord.
Article in The Prostate, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the brain-gut-prostate axis in chronic prostatitis: mechanisms and therapeutics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression in CP/CPPS: A Narrative Review of Underlying Mechanisms.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Slow Releasing CO Donor Modulates Susceptibility to Seizures in Rats with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Behavioral and EEG Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- CXCL10 Promotes Spinal Macrophage Recruitment via the JAK/STAT3 Pathway to Induce Pain in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- BDNF Signaling and Pain Modulation.Cells · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Different Acupuncture Therapies for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Network Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Alcohol promoted prostate microbial imbalance in the rat model of prostatitis.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Assessing the causal relationship between immune cells and prostatitis: evidence from bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2024Article
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nociception, and Pain.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Is Related to Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.The world journal of men's health · 2024Review
- Obacunone alleviates chronic pelvic pain and pro-inflammatory depolarization of macrophage induced by experimental autoimmune prostatitis in mice.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- Glial Cells of the Central Nervous System: A Potential Target in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.Pain research & management · 2023Review
- Pain in chronic prostatitis and the role of ion channels: a brief overview.British journal of pain · 2022Article
- Article
- Extracorporeal shock wave therapy decreases the number of total and degranulated mast cells and alleviates pelvic pain in a rat model of prostatitis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- Experimental autoimmune prostatitis: different antigens induction and antigen-specific therapy.International urology and nephrology · 2021Review
- Effects of Electroacupuncture on Alleviating Prostatodynia and Inflammation in Rats with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neural regeneration after spinal cord injury through NF-κB signaling.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Article
- Electric Stimulation Hyperthermia Relieves InflammationThe world journal of men's health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is unknown and factors including the host's immune response and the nervous system have been attributed to the development of CP/CPPS. We previously demonstrated that mast cells and chemokines such as CCL2 and CCL3 play an important role in mediating prostatitis. Here, we examined the role of neuroinflammation and microglia in the CNS in the development of chronic pelvic pain.
methodsExperimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) was induced using a subcutaneous injection of rat prostate antigen. Sacral spinal cord tissue (segments S14-S5) was isolated and utilized for immunofluorescence or QRT-PCR analysis. Tactile allodynia was measured at baseline and at various points during EAP using Von Frey fibers as a function for pelvic pain. EAP mice were treated with minocycline after 30 days of prostatitis to test the efficacy of microglial inhibition on pelvic pain.
resultsProstatitis induced the expansion and activation of microglia and the development of inflammation in the spinal cord as determined by increased expression levels of CCL3, IL-1β, Iba1, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Microglial activation in mice with prostatitis resulted in increased expression of P2X4R and elevated levels of BDNF, two molecular markers associated with chronic pain. Pharmacological inhibition of microglia alleviated pain in mice with prostatitis and resulted in decreased expression of IL-1β, P2X4R, and BDNF.
conclusionOur data show that prostatitis leads to inflammation in the spinal cord and the activation and expansion of microglia, mechanisms that may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pelvic pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.