Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25262086›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2014

Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risk of selected congenital heart defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California.

Suzan L Carmichael, Wei Yang, Eric Roberts, Susan E Kegley, Amy M Padula, Paul B English, Edward J Lammer, Gary M Shaw

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Aiming for a Better Tomorrow.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Suzan L CarmichaelDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA. Electronic address: scarmichael@stanford.edu.
Wei YangDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Eric RobertsPublic Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
Susan E KegleyPesticide Research Institute, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA.
Amy M PadulaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Paul B EnglishCalifornia Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
Edward J LammerChildren׳s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
Gary M ShawDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Stanford University · USCalifornia Department of Pesticide Regulation · USCalifornia Department of Public Health · USPublic Health Institute · US

Funding

California Center of the NBDPS - Finding Causes and Preventives of Birth DefectsU01DD000489 · DD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SHAW, GARY C. · 2009 to 2013
$4.3M
UC Berkeley/Stanford Children's Enviromental Health CenterP01ES022849 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI BALMES, JOHN R · 2013 to 2018
$4.2M
Project 3: Ambient Pollutants/Bioaerosol Effects on Treg FunctionP20ES018173 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI TAGER, IRA B · 2010 to 2012
$895k
Traffic-related air pollution, social factors and adverse birth outcomesK99ES021470 · NIEHS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PADULA, AMY MICHELLE · 2013 to 2014
$254k
NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD000489NIEHS NIH HHS K99 ES021470NIEHS NIH HHS K99ES021470NIEHS NIH HHS L40 ES023163NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES022849NIEHS NIH HHS P01ES022849NIEHS NIH HHS P20 ES018173NIEHS NIH HHS P20ES018173
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California.

methodsStudy subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥ 50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥ 5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons.

results38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500 m radius of mother's address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53).

conclusionsMost pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations.

Indexed as

AdultAgricultureCaliforniaEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansInfant, NewbornLogistic ModelsMaternal ExposureOdds RatioPesticidesPregnancyPesticidesBirth defectsEndocrine disruptorsEnvironmentPesticidesPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID25262086
PMCPMC5525322
OpenAlexW2056781038

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.