ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2015
Proliferation of endogenous retroviruses in the early stages of a host germ line invasion.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the association between koala retrovirus and primary bone neoplasia in koalas (Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- Gammaretrovirus Infections in Humans in the Past, Present, and Future: Have We Defeated the Pathogen?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multi-generational koala pedigree analysis reveals rapid changes in heritable provirus load associated with life history traits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Epigenetic motifs distinguishing endogenous from exogenous retroviral integrants.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Adaptive evolution of koala retrovirus transcription silencing and what it means for conservation.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Crossing Wallace's line: an evolutionarily young gibbon ape leukemia virus like endogenous retrovirus identified from the Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- piRNA Defense Against Endogenous Retroviruses.Viruses · 2024Review
- Contrasting segregation patterns among endogenous retroviruses across the koala population.Communications biology · 2024Article
- A recent gibbon ape leukemia virus germline integration in a rodent from New Guinea.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- GALV-KoRV-related retroviruses in diverse Australian and African rodent species.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Genome Reference Assembly for Bottlenecked Southern Australian Koalas.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Diversity and transmission of koala retrovirus: a case study in three captive koala populations.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Geographic patterns of koala retrovirus genetic diversity, endogenization, and subtype distributions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Expansion of a retrovirus lineage in the koala genome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Review
- The diversity and evolution of retroviruses: Perspectives from viral "fossils".Virologica Sinica · 2022Review
- Vaccination against the Koala Retrovirus (KoRV): Problems and Strategies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Koala retrovirus genetic diversity and transmission dynamics within captive koala populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Phylogenetic and geographical analysis of a retrovirus during the early stages of endogenous adaptation and exogenous spread in a new host.Molecular ecology · 2021Article
- Toll-Like Receptor and Cytokine Responses to Infection with Endogenous and Exogenous Koala Retrovirus, and Vaccination as a Control Strategy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise 8% of the human genome and are common in all vertebrate genomes. The only retrovirus known to be currently transitioning from exogenous to endogenous form is the koala retrovirus (KoRV), making koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) ideal for examining the early stages of retroviral endogenization. To distinguish endogenous from exogenous KoRV proviruses, we isolated koala genomic regions flanking KoRV integration sites. In three wild southern Australian koalas, there were fewer KoRV loci than in three captive Queensland koalas, consistent with reports that southern Australian koalas carry fewer KoRVs. Of 39 distinct KoRV proviral loci examined in a sire-dam-progeny triad, all proved to be vertically transmitted and endogenous; none was exogenous. Of the 39 endogenous KoRVs (enKoRVs), only one was present in the genomes of both the sire and the dam, suggesting that, at this early stage in the retroviral invasion of a host germ line, very large numbers of ERVs have proliferated at very low frequencies in the koala population. Sequence divergence between the 5'- and 3'-long terminal repeats (LTRs) of a provirus can be used as a molecular clock. Within each of ten enKoRVs, the 5'-LTR sequence was identical to the 3'-LTR sequence, suggesting a maximum age for enKoRV invasion of the koala germ line of approximately 22,200-49,900 years ago, although a much younger age is possible. Across the ten proviruses, seven LTR haplotypes were detected, indicating that at least seven different retroviral sequences had entered the koala germ line.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.