Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25260957›Full record

ArticleBioorganic & medicinal chemistry2014

Altertoxins with potent anti-HIV activity from Alternaria tenuissima QUE1Se, a fungal endophyte of Quercus emoryi.

Bharat P Bashyal, Brian P Wellensiek, Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Stanley H Faeth, Nafees Ahmad, A A Leslie Gunatilaka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Incorporating omics-based tools into endophytic fungal research.Biotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Diverse polyketides from the marine endophyticBiotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022
    Article
  17. Recent Advances inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bharat P BashyalSouthwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States.
Brian P WellensiekDepartment of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States; Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States.
Rajesh RamakrishnanDepartment of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Stanley H FaethSchool of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States.
Nafees AhmadDepartment of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
A A Leslie GunatilakaSouthwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States. Electronic address: leslieg@ag.arizona.edu.

Funding

Anticancer Agents from Plant- and Lichen-Associated Fungi of the Sonoran DesertR01CA090265 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI GUNATILAKA, LESLIE · 2002 to 2013
$2.2M
Diverse Molecular Libraries from Unique Endosymbiotic FungiP41GM094060 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI GUNATILAKA, LESLIE · 2010 to 2012
$867k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA090265NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM094060
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Screening of a small library of natural product extracts derived from endophytic fungi of the Sonoran desert plants in a cell-based anti-HIV assay involving T-cells infected with the HIV-1 virus identified the EtOAc extract of a fermentation broth of Alternaria tenuissima QUE1Se inhabiting the stem tissue of Quercus emoryi as a promising candidate for further investigation. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of two new metabolites, altertoxins V (1) and VI (2) together with the known compounds, altertoxins I (3), II (4), and III (5). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis and those of 3-5 were established by comparison with reported data. When tested in our cell-based assay at concentrations insignificantly toxic to T-cells, altertoxins V (1), I (3), II (4), and III (5) completely inhibited replication of the HIV-1 virus at concentrations of 0.50, 2.20, 0.30, and 1.50 μM, respectively. Our findings suggest that the epoxyperylene structural scaffold in altertoxins may be manipulated to produce potent anti-HIV therapeutics.

Indexed as

AlternariaAnti-HIV AgentsBenz(a)AnthracenesEndophytesHIV-1HIV InfectionsHumansPeryleneQuercusT-Lymphocytesaltertoxin Ialtertoxin IIaltertoxin IIIAnti-HIV AgentsBenz(a)AnthracenesPeryleneAlternaria tenuissimaAltertoxin VAltertoxin VIAnti-HIV activityEndophytic fungus

Identifiers

PMID25260957
PMCPMC4252765

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.