ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2014
Elevated DDX21 regulates c-Jun activity and rRNA processing in human breast cancers.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA Helicase DDX21 Controls CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- DDX21 Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis via Stimulating RNAPII Elongation During Hypoxia.MedComm · 2026Article
- DDR1 Promotes Immune Evasion in Colorectal Cancer by Orchestrating IL33-Mediated M2-like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- The histone methyltransferase NSD3 oncogene triggers ribosomal DNA transcription, interfering with FOSL2 in cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- DDX27 in cancer: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Chemical Probe Discovery for DEAD-Box RNA-Binding Protein DDX21 Using Small-Molecule Microarrays.ACS chemical biology · 2025Article
- Role of DEAD/DEAH-box helicases in immunity, infection and cancers.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- DDX24 spatiotemporally orchestrates VEGF and Wnt signaling during developmental angiogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Silencing of miR-218-5p Modulates BIRC5 and DDX21 Expression to Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The liver-specific long noncoding RNA FAM99B inhibits ribosome biogenesis and cancer progression through cleavage of dead-box Helicase 21.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- DDX21 Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Recurrence and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2025Article
- DDX21 at the Nexus of RNA Metabolism, Cancer Oncogenesis, and Host-Virus Crosstalk: Decoding Its Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- DExD-Box Helicase 21 Enhances Myometrial Contractions Through Thrombospondin-1-Mediated Increase in Cell Adhesion.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- NAT10 resolves harmful nucleolar R-loops depending on its helicase domain and acetylation of DDX21.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- The RNA helicase DDX21 activates YAP to promote tumorigenesis and is transcriptionally upregulated by β-catenin in colorectal cancer.Oncogene · 2024Article
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- Discovery and characterization of anti-cancer peptides from a random peptide library.PloS one · 2024Article
- DEAD-box RNA helicases with special reference to p68: Unwinding their biology, versatility, and therapeutic opportunity in cancer.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe DDX21 RNA helicase has been shown to be a nucleolar and nuclear protein involved in ribosome RNA processing and AP-1 transcription. DDX21 is highly expressed in colon cancer, lymphomas, and some breast cancers, but little is known about how DDX21 might promote tumorigenesis.
methodsImmunohistochemistry was performed on a breast cancer tissue array of 187 patients. In order to study the subcellular localization of DDX21 in both tumor tissue and tumor cell lines, indirect immunofluorescence was applied. The effect of DDX21 knockdown was measured by cellular apoptosis, rRNA processing assays, soft agar growth and mouse xenograft imaging. AP-1 transcriptional activity was analyzed with a luciferase reporter and bioluminescence imaging, as well as qRT-PCR analysis of downstream target, cyclin D1, to determine the mechanism of action for DDX21 in breast tumorigenesis.
resultsHerein, we show that DDX21 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and established cell lines. A significant number of mammary tumor tissues and established breast cancer cell lines exhibit nuclear but not nucleolar localization of DDX21. The protein expression level of DDX21 correlates with cell proliferation rate and is markedly induced by EGF signaling. Mechanistically, DDX21 is required for the phosphorylation of c-Jun on Ser73 and DDX21 deficiency markedly reduces the transcriptional activity of AP-1. Additionally, DDX21 promotes rRNA processing in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Tumor cells expressing high levels of endogenous DDX21 undergo apoptosis after acute DDX21 knockdown, resulting in significant reduction of tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that DDX21 expression in breast cancer cells can promote AP-1 activity and rRNA processing, and thus, promote tumorigenesis by two independent mechanisms. DDX21 could serve as a marker for a subset of breast cancer patients with higher proliferation potential and may be used as a therapeutic target for a subset of breast cancer patients.
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