Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25259657›Full record

ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2014

Stressors and common mental disorder in informal carers--an analysis of the English Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007.

Stephen Stansfeld, Melanie Smuk, Juliana Onwumere, Charlotte Clark, Cleo Pike, Sally McManus, Jenny Harris, Paul Bebbington

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Health morbidities in carers with experience of domestic violence and abuse.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Factors associated with the identification and well-being of hidden and confirmed carers: a dyad analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Caregiver wellbeing during Covid-19: does being hopeful play a role?Journal of affective disorders reports · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Stephen StansfeldCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Old Anatomy Building, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: s.a.stansfeld@qmul.ac.uk.
Melanie SmukCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Old Anatomy Building, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Juliana OnwumereDepartment of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ UK.
Charlotte ClarkCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Old Anatomy Building, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Cleo PikeCentre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Old Anatomy Building, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Sally McManusNatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0AX UK.
Jenny HarrisFlorence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kings College, London, UK.
Paul BebbingtonUCL Mental Health Sciences Unit, 2nd Floor, Charles Bell House 67-73, Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
Queen Mary University of London · GBKing's College London · GBMental Health Research UK · GBNatCen Social Research · GB

Funding

Department of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates potential explanations of the association between caring and common mental disorder, using the English Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. We examined whether carers are more exposed to other stressors additional to caring--such as domestic violence and debt--and if so whether this explains their elevated rates of mental disorder. We analysed differences between carers and non-carers in common mental disorders (CMD), suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, recent stressors, social support, and social participation. We used multivariate models to investigate whether differences between carers and non-carers in identifiable stressors and supports explained the association between caring and CMD, as measured by the revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The prevalence of CMD (OR=1.64 95% CI 1.37-1.97), suicidal thoughts in the last week (OR=2.71 95% CI 1.31-5.62) and fatigue (OR=1.33 95% CI 1.14-1.54) was increased in carers. However, caring remained independently associated with CMD (OR=1.58 1.30-1.91) after adjustment for other stressors and social support. Thus caring itself is associated with increased risk of CMD that is not explained by other identified social stressors. Carers should be recognized as being at increased risk of CMD independent of the other life stressors they have to deal with. Interventions aimed at a direct reduction of the stressfulness of caring are indicated. However, carers also reported higher rates of debt problems and domestic violence and perceived social support was slightly lower in carers than in non-carers. So carers are also more likely to experience stressors other than caring and it is likely that they will need support not only aimed at their caring role, but also at other aspects of their lives.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCaregiversEnglandFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedOdds RatioSocial ClassSocial SupportStress, PsychologicalCarersCommon mental disordersMental healthSocial supportSocioeconomic statusStressSuicide

Identifiers

PMID25259657
PMCPMC4224501
OpenAlexW1991899801

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.