ArticlePloS one2014
Bacterial distribution in the lungs of children with protracted bacterial bronchitis.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bronchoscopic abnormalities in children with chronic nonspecific cough.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics of infants with protracted bacterial bronchitis: an observational cohort study.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Cough in Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis and Bronchiectasis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Protocol for CLASSIC PBB: comparison of lower airway sampling strategies in children with protracted bacterial bronchitis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2022Article
- Validation of nasal tracheal aspiration in children with lung disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- When is asthma not guilty?International journal of pediatrics & adolescent medicine · 2021Review
- Diagnosis and management of protracted bacterial bronchitis: a survey of Chinese pediatricians.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Update on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2020Article
- Developing a core outcome set for children with protracted bacterial bronchitis.ERJ open research · 2020Article
- Protracted bacterial bronchitis: bronchial aspirate versus bronchoalveolar lavage findings: a single-centre retrospective study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2019Article
- Multiple inflammasomes may regulate the interleukin-1-driven inflammation in protracted bacterial bronchitis.ERJ open research · 2018Article
- ERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children.The European respiratory journal · 2017Review
- Upper airway viruses and bacteria and clinical outcomes in children with cough.Pediatric pulmonology · 2017Article
- The Likelihood of Preventing Respiratory Exacerbations in Children and Adolescents with either Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease or Bronchiectasis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2017Review
- Protracted bacterial bronchitis: The last decade and the road ahead.Pediatric pulmonology · 2016Review
- An underestimated cause of chronic cough: The Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis.Annals of thoracic medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesFlexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (FB-BAL) is increasingly used for the microbiological confirmation of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children with a chronic wet cough. At our centre, when performing FB-BAL for microbiological diagnosis we sample 6 lobes (including lingula) as this is known to increase the rate of culture positive procedures in children with cystic fibrosis. We investigated if this is also the case in children with PBB.
methodsWe undertook a retrospective case note review of 50 children investigated for suspected PBB between May 2011 and November 2013.
resultsThe median (IQR) age at bronchoscopy was 2.9 (1.7-4.4) years and the median (IQR) duration of cough was 11 (8.0-14) months. Positive cultures were obtained from 41/50 (82%) and 16 (39%) of these patients isolated ≥2 organisms. The commonest organisms isolated were Haemophilus influenzae (25 patients), Moraxella catarrhalis (14 patients), Staphylococcus aureus (11 patients) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (8 patients). If only one lobe had been sampled (as per the European Respiratory Society guidance) 17 different organisms would have been missed in 15 patients, 8 of whom would have had no organism cultured at all. The FB-BAL culture results led to an antibiotic other than co-amoxiclav being prescribed in 17/41 (41%) patients.
conclusionsBacterial distribution in the lungs of children with PBB is heterogeneous and organisms may therefore be missed if only one lobe is sampled at FB-BAL. Positive FB-BAL results are useful in children with PBB and can influence treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.