ArticleGenes & development2014
Wilms tumor protein recognizes 5-carboxylcytosine within a specific DNA sequence.
Article in Genes & development, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic Anatomy and Ontogenetic Roles of Early Growth Response 1 (Egr1) in Human and Mouse.Development & reproduction · 2026Review
- The role of cytosine modification symmetry in mammalian epigenome regulation.Chemical science · 2026Review
- DNATCO v5.0: integrated web platform for 3D nucleic acid structure analysis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Protonated Glutamate and Aspartate Side Chains Can Recognize Phosphodiester Groups via Strong and Short Hydrogen Bonds in Biomacromolecular Complexes.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of the EGR family in tumours and prospects for therapeutic applications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Denys-Drash Syndrome in Children.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- A review of the genetic background in complicated WT1-related disorders.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Review
- DNA-binding proteins from MBD through ZF to BEN: recognition of cytosine methylation status by one arginine with two conformations.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Updated understanding of the protein-DNA recognition code used by C2H2 zinc finger proteins.Current opinion in structural biology · 2024Review
- Epigenetic regulation of innate immune dynamics during inflammation.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Review
- Two DOT1 enzymes cooperatively mediate efficient ubiquitin-independent histone H3 lysine 76 tri-methylation in kinetoplastids.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Role of early growth response 1 in inflammation-associated lung diseases.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Review
- Biochemical and structural characterization of the first-discovered metazoan DNA cytosine-N4 methyltransferase from the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2023Article
- Sex-Linked Growth Disorder and Aberrant Pituitary Gene Expression in Nestin-Cre-MediatedBiology · 2023Article
- Protocols for protein-DNA binding analysis of a zinc finger transcription factor bound to its cognate promoter.STAR protocols · 2022Article
- Optochemical Control of TET Dioxygenases Enables Kinetic Insights into the Domain-Dependent Interplay of TET1 and MBD1 while Oxidizing and Reading 5-Methylcytosine.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Mechanisms that regulate the activities of TET proteins.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In mammalian DNA, cytosine occurs in several chemical forms, including unmodified cytosine (C), 5-methylcytosine (5 mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5 fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5 caC). 5 mC is a major epigenetic signal that acts to regulate gene expression. 5 hmC, 5 fC, and 5 caC are oxidized derivatives that might also act as distinct epigenetic signals. We investigated the response of the zinc finger DNA-binding domains of transcription factors early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) to different forms of modified cytosine within their recognition sequence, 5'-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3'. Both displayed high affinity for the sequence when C or 5 mC was present and much reduced affinity when 5 hmC or 5 fC was present, indicating that they differentiate primarily oxidized C from unoxidized C, rather than methylated C from unmethylated C. 5 caC affected the two proteins differently, abolishing binding by Egr1 but not by WT1. We ascribe this difference to electrostatic interactions in the binding sites. In Egr1, a negatively charged glutamate conflicts with the negatively charged carboxylate of 5 caC, whereas the corresponding glutamine of WT1 interacts with this group favorably. Our analyses shows that zinc finger proteins (and their splice variants) can respond in modulated ways to alternative modifications within their binding sequence.
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