ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2014
Epigenetic programming of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,030 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,030 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,657 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained immunity in inflammatory bone disease: a bibliometric and literature-level text-mining analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Could β-glucans enhance the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by inducing trained immunity and boosting neutralizing antibody production?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Rethinking the immune recognition of cell walls in human fungal pathogens: Mechanisms, controversies and translational significance.Virulence · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Childhood Vaccination.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Source-specific priming of lung NK cells by Pseudomonas LPS enhances resistance to bacterial pneumonia.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Monocyte-derived galectin-1Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Anisotropic Masked Mycobacterium Potentiates Amplified Antitumor Trained Immunity via Spleen Targeting and Myelopoiesis Conversion.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Targeting tissue immune memory in chronic-remitting autoimmune kidney diseases: current concepts and future therapies.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Maturation-Dependent Constraints in the Ability of Human Monocytes to Initiate Trained Immunity.MedComm · 2026Article
- Regulation of immune signal integration and memory by inflammation-induced chromosome conformation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Drugging trained immunity: immunometabolic and epigenetic control of maladaptive inflammatory memory in chronic inflammatory diseases.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Macrophage heterogeneity in human secondary lymphoid organs.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Postbiotics and Paraprobiotics as Next-Generation Gut Microbiome Modulators in Sustainable Aquaculture Health.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Disease-Stage Synchronized Nanozyme Therapy for Polymicrobial Sepsis through Adaptive Catalytic and Immune Reprogramming.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Trained immunity: New insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in diabetes and diabetic complications.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- The theory of the inflammatory ecosystem.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- BCG vaccination potentiates oxidative phosphorylation in neonatal myeloid-derived suppressor cells.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
970 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Monocyte differentiation into macrophages represents a cornerstone process for host defense. Concomitantly, immunological imprinting of either tolerance or trained immunity determines the functional fate of macrophages and susceptibility to secondary infections. We characterized the transcriptomes and epigenomes in four primary cell types: monocytes and in vitro-differentiated naïve, tolerized, and trained macrophages. Inflammatory and metabolic pathways were modulated in macrophages, including decreased inflammasome activation, and we identified pathways functionally implicated in trained immunity. β-glucan training elicits an exclusive epigenetic signature, revealing a complex network of enhancers and promoters. Analysis of transcription factor motifs in deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites at cell-type-specific epigenetic loci unveiled differentiation and treatment-specific repertoires. Altogether, we provide a resource to understand the epigenetic changes that underlie innate immunity in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.