Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2014
Cancer incidence and mortality during the intervention and postintervention periods of the Women's Health Initiative dietary modification trial.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adulthood dietary and lifestyle patterns and risk of breast cancer: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Weight Loss Randomized Intervention Trials in Female Cancer Survivors.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2016Pooled it
- Dietary Modification and Breast Cancer Mortality: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020Trial
- Low-Fat Dietary Pattern among Postmenopausal Women Influences Long-Term Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Outcomes.The Journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Association of Low-Fat Dietary Pattern With Breast Cancer Overall Survival: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2018Trial
- A Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis From the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial.Diabetes care · 2018Trial
- Low-fat Dietary Pattern and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2018Trial
- Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Breast Cancer Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2017Trial
- Low-fat dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease: results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Trial
- Long-Term Randomized Controlled Trials of Diet Intervention Reports and Their Impact on Cancer: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Developing dietary interventions as therapy for cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Evaluating agreement between bodies of evidence from randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in medical research: a meta-epidemiological study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Dietary Fat Intake: Associations with Dietary Patterns and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer-A Case-Control Study.Cancers · 2022Article
- Prospective Analyses of Lifestyle Factors Related to Energy Balance and Ovarian Cancer Risk by Infiltration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Review
- The Impact of Diet on Breast Cancer Outcomes.Current nutrition reports · 2019Review
- Associations of a Healthy Lifestyle Index With the Risks of Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer Among Women in the Women's Health Initiative Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Methods for trustworthy nutritional recommendations NutriRECS (Nutritional Recommendations and accessible Evidence summaries Composed of Systematic reviews): a protocol.BMC medical research methodology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Women's Health Initiative (WHI) low-fat (20% kcal) dietary modification (DM) trial (1993-2005) demonstrated a nonsignificant reduction in breast cancer, a nominally significant reduction in ovarian cancer, and no effect on other cancers (mean 8.3 years intervention). Consent to nonintervention follow-up was 83% (n = 37,858). This analysis was designed to assess postintervention cancer risk in women randomized to the low-fat diet (40%) versus usual diet comparison (60%).
methodsRandomized, controlled low-fat diet intervention for prevention of breast and colorectal cancers conducted in 48,835 postmenopausal U.S. women, ages 50 to 79 years at 40 U.S. sites. Outcomes included total invasive cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, and cancer-specific and overall mortality.
resultsThere were no intervention effects on invasive breast or colorectal cancer, other cancers, or cancer-specific or overall mortality during the postintervention period or the combined intervention and follow-up periods. For invasive breast cancer, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.92 (0.84-1.01) during intervention, 1.08 (0.94-1.24) during the postintervention period, and 0.97 (0.89-1.05) during cumulative follow-up. A reduced risk for estrogen receptor positive/progesterone receptor-negative tumors was demonstrated during follow-up. In women with higher baseline fat intake (quartile), point estimates of breast cancer risk were HR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62-0.92) during intervention versus HR, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.84-1.4) during postintervention follow-up (Pdiff = 0.03).
conclusionsDietary fat intake increased postintervention in intervention women; no long-term reduction in cancer risk or mortality was shown in the WHI DM trial. IMPACT: Dietary advisement to reduce fat for cancer prevention after menopause generally was not supported by the WHI DM trial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.