SynthesisBritish journal of pharmacology2015
Are cannabidiol and Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin negative modulators of the endocannabinoid system? A systematic review.
Synthesis in British journal of pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 278 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
278 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 519 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Cannabidiol on Appetite and Body Weight: A Systematic Review.Clinical drug investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Endocannabinoid System as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Long-term safety and tolerability of transdermal cannabidiol gel in children and adolescents with Fragile X syndrome (ZYN2-CL-017): an interim analysis of an ongoing open-label extension study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Trial
- The effects of cannabidiol on worry and anxiety among high trait worriers: a double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- The Influence of Oral Cannabidiol on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Untreated Hypertension: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Study.Advances in therapy · 2023Trial
- A randomized, controlled trial of ZYN002 cannabidiol transdermal gel in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome (CONNECT-FX).Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Trial
- Effects of Cannabidiol Chewing Gum on Perceived Pain and Well-Being of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Exploratory Intervention Study with Symptom-Driven Dosing.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2022Trial
- Acute effects of ΔPsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Investigate Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Between Cannabidiol and Clobazam.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- A randomised controlled trial of vaporised ΔEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Trial
- Long-term cannabidiol treatment in patients with Dravet syndrome: An open-label extension trial.Epilepsia · 2019Trial
- Psychiatric effects of cannabidiol, cannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabinol: A narrative review of clinical evidence and risk profiles.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Review
- Sublingual Administration for Pain Control: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications and Future Directions.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- [Psychiatric aspects of commercially available products containing cannabidiol].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Review
- In Silico Models Using Simple Molecular Descriptors Predict Placental and Breast Milk Transfer of Cannabinoids fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of cannabidiol, cannabinol and tetrahydrocannabivarin in managing inflammatory pain.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preliminary Prospective Study of Pharmaceutical-Grade Cannabidiol for Seizure Frequency, Anxiety, and Comorbid Symptoms in Pediatric Epilepsy: Associations With Circulating Endocannabinoids and Lipid Biomarkers.Journal of child neurology · 2026Article
- The dual roles of natural cannabidiol in combating oxidative stress and inflammation: A potential intestinal guardian.Redox biology · 2026Review
218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Based upon evidence that the therapeutic properties of Cannabis preparations are not solely dependent upon the presence of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), pharmacological studies have been recently carried out with other plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), particularly cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). Results from some of these studies have fostered the view that CBD and THCV modulate the effects of THC via direct blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, thus behaving like first-generation CB1 receptor inverse agonists, such as rimonabant. Here, we review in vitro and ex vivo mechanistic studies of CBD and THCV, and synthesize data from these studies in a meta-analysis. Synthesized data regarding mechanisms are then used to interpret results from recent pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials. The evidence indicates that CBD and THCV are not rimonabant-like in their action and thus appear very unlikely to produce unwanted CNS effects. They exhibit markedly disparate pharmacological profiles particularly at CB1 receptors: CBD is a very low-affinity CB1 ligand that can nevertheless affect CB1 receptor activity in vivo in an indirect manner, while THCV is a high-affinity CB1 receptor ligand and potent antagonist in vitro and yet only occasionally produces effects in vivo resulting from CB1 receptor antagonism. THCV has also high affinity for CB2 receptors and signals as a partial agonist, differing from both CBD and rimonabant. These cannabinoids illustrate how in vitro mechanistic studies do not always predict in vivo pharmacology and underlie the necessity of testing compounds in vivo before drawing any conclusion on their functional activity at a given target.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.