ArticleNature reviews. Immunology2014
T cell differentiation in chronic infection and cancer: functional adaptation or exhaustion?
Article in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gene expression meta-analysis reveals immune response convergence on the IFNγ-STAT1-IRF1 axis and adaptive immune resistance mechanisms in lymphoma.Genome medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Poor clinical outcomes and immunoevasive contexture in CXCL13+CD8+ T cells enriched gastric cancer patients.Oncoimmunology · 2021Trial
- PD-1+CD8+ T cells are clonally expanding effectors in human chronic inflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Trial
- PD-1Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- T cell senescence and exhaustion: molecular mechanisms and immune rejuvenation for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Effect of Interval Between Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy and Radical Resection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood CD8 + T-cell count at diagnosis predicts prognosis in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- New insights into progenitor exhausted T cell populations.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Article
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- T cell adaptation in chronic infections and tumors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- From exhaustion to functional cure: frontiers in reversing HBV-specific T-cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Upregulation of PD-1 on Peripheral T cells Subsets is Associated with Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Cytokine and metabolite networks shape T cell residency and functionality at the term human maternal-fetal interface.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- HDAC1 controls the generation and maintenance of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Transcription factor IRF-5 regulates lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in murine CD8The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Towards the development of next-generation lung cancer immunotherapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- Article
- T Cell Exhaustion in Allergic Diseases and Allergen Immunotherapy: A Novel Biomarker?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- NPC1L1 on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell functions as a two-pronged checkpoint against antitumor activity.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Article
- Stem-like memory and precursors of exhausted T cells share a common progenitor defined by ID3 expression.Science immunology · 2025Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic viral infections and malignant tumours induce T cells that have a reduced ability to secrete effector cytokines and have upregulated expression of the inhibitory receptor PD1 (programmed cell death protein 1). These features have so far been considered to mark terminally differentiated 'exhausted' T cells. However, several recent clinical and experimental observations indicate that phenotypically exhausted T cells can still mediate a crucial level of pathogen or tumour control. In this Opinion article, we propose that the exhausted phenotype results from a differentiation process in which T cells stably adjust their effector capacity to the needs of chronic infection. We argue that this phenotype is optimized to cause minimal tissue damage while still mediating a critical level of pathogen control. In contrast to the presently held view of functional exhaustion, this new concept better reflects the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of persisting infections, and it provides a rationale for emerging therapies that enhance T cell activity in chronic infection and cancer by blocking inhibitory receptors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25257362What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.