ArticleHistochemistry and cell biology2015
In vitro characterization of self-assembled anterior cruciate ligament cell spheroids for ligament tissue engineering.
Article in Histochemistry and cell biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatic stellate cells promote structural and functional remodeling of three-dimensional hepatocellular carcinoma coculture spheroids.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Multicellular microtissues from fused ligament- and bone-cell spheroids relevant to enthesis repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Anatomical Tissue Engineering of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Entheses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Co-Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Ligamentocytes on Triphasic Embroidered Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and Polylactic Acid Scaffolds for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Enthesis Tissue Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Adapt to Chronic Tendon Disease Environment with an Initial Reduction in Matrix Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Minispheroids as a Tool for Ligament Tissue Engineering: Do the Self-Assembly Techniques and Spheroid Dimensions Influence the Cruciate Ligamentocyte Phenotype?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Maintenance of Ligament Homeostasis of Spheroid-Colonized Embroidered and Functionalized Scaffolds after 3D Stretch.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Cyclically stretched ACL fibroblasts emigrating from spheroids adapt their cytoskeleton and ligament-related expression profile.Cell and tissue research · 2021Article
- Article
- Enhanced Growth of Lapine Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Derived Fibroblasts on Scaffolds Embroidered from Poly(l-lactide-International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrospheroids Cultured in Hypoxia and a 3D Porous Chitosan/Chitin Nanocrystal Scaffold as a Platform for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- SV40 Transfected Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Derived Ligamentocytes-Suitable as a Human in Vitro Model for Ligament Reconstruction?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Viscoelastic Behavior of Embroidered Scaffolds for ACL Tissue Engineering Made of PLA and P(LA-CL) After In Vitro Degradation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- The Self-Assembling Process and Applications in Tissue Engineering.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2017Review
- The Histochemistry and Cell Biology omnium-gatherum: the year 2015 in review.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tissue engineering of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) implant with functional enthesis requires site-directed seeding of different cell types on the same scaffold. Therefore, we studied the suitability of self-assembled three-dimensional spheroids generated by lapine ACL ligament fibroblasts for directed scaffold colonization. The spheroids were characterized in vitro during 14 days in static and 7 days in dynamic culture. Size maintenance of self-assembled spheroids, the vitality, the morphology and the expression pattern of the cells were monitored. Additionally, we analyzed the total sulfated glycosaminoglycan, collagen contents and the expression of the ligament components type I collagen, decorin and tenascin C on protein and for COL1A1, DCN and TNMD on gene level in the spheroids. Subsequently, the cell colonization of polylactide-co-caprolactone [P(LA-CL)] and polydioxanone (PDS) polymer scaffolds was assessed in response to a directed, spheroid-based seeding technique. ACL cells were able to self-assemble spheroids and survive over 14 days. The spheroids decreased in size but not in cellularity depending on the culture time and maintained or even increased their differentiation state. The area of P[LA-CL] scaffolds, colonized after 14 days by the cells of one spheroid, was in average 4.57 ± 2.3 mm(2). Scaffolds consisting of the polymer P[LA-CL] were more suitable for colonization by spheroids than PDS embroideries. We conclude that ACL cell spheroids are suitable as site-directed seeding strategy for scaffolds in ACL tissue engineering approaches and recommend the use of freshly assembled spheroids for scaffold colonization, due to their balanced proliferation and differentiation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.