ArticleBMC public health2014
Vitamin D levels in an Australian population.
Article in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediction models and questionnaires developed to predict vitamin D status in adults: a systematic review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of a New Pharmaceutical Form of Vitamin D3 100,000 IU in Soft Capsule.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- How deficient are we? A retrospective analysis of vitamin D status in 85,892 Turkish adults.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Study of the relationship between daily alcohol intake and serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations in a sample of healthy young Cameroonian men.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress in Military Missions-Impact and Management Strategies: A Narrative Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vitamin D Status in the Adult Population of Romania-Results of the European Health Examination Survey.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Maternal plasma vitamin D levels across pregnancy are not associated with neonatal birthweight: findings from an Australian cohort study of low-risk pregnant women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in North China: Seasonality and the Association between Vitamin D Status and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels.International journal of clinical practice · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health: outstanding aspects to be considered in the light of current evidence.Endocrine connections · 2022Review
- Article
- Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use.International journal of biometeorology · 2022Review
- 'Scientific Strabismus' or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency.The British journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Nutrihealth Study: Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Among the Slovenian Adult and Elderly Population.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Pregnancy and Reproductive Health.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Meteorological Condition and Air Pollution Exposure Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
- Overweight & obese Australian adults and micronutrient deficiency.BMC nutrition · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Dietary and Nutritional Supplement Use in the Australian Army: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Article
- Vitamin D Levels of Outpatients Admitted to a University Hospital in the Marmara Region of Turkey Over 3 Years.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLevels of vitamin D in the population have come under increasing scrutiny, however there are only a few studies in Australia which measure levels in the general population. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of vitamin D within a large population cohort and examine the association with seasons and selected demographic and health risk factors.
methodsA longitudinal cohort study of 2413 participants in the northwest suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia conducted between 2008 and 2010 was used to examine serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in relation to demographic characteristics (age, sex, income, education and country of birth), seasons, the use of vitamin D supplements and selected health risk factors (physical activity, body mass index and smoking). Both unadjusted and adjusted mean levels of serum 25(OH)D were examined, as were the factors associated with the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels below 50 and 75 nmol/L.
resultsOverall, the mean level of serum 25(OH)D was 69.2 nmol/L with 22.7% of the population having a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/L, the level which is generally recognised as vitamin D deficiency. There were significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D among males compared to females (t = 4.65, p < 0.001). Higher levels of 25(OH)D were also measured in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring. Generally, mean levels of 25(OH)D were lower in those classified as obese. Smokers and those undertaking no or less than 150 minutes/week of physical activity also had lower levels of serum vitamin D. Obesity (as classified by body mass index), season and undertaking an insufficient level of physical activity to obtain a health benefit were significantly associated with the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
conclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent in South Australia, affecting almost one quarter of the population and levels are related to activity, obesity and season even when adjusted for confounding factors. Improved methods of addressing vitamin D levels in population are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.