ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2014
Multiplexed quantitative analysis of CD3, CD8, and CD20 predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- The evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: recommendations by an International TILs Working Group 2014.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2015Guideline
- Evaluation of the Predictive Role of Tumor Immune Infiltrate in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy without Chemotherapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Multiplexed (18-Plex) Measurement of Signaling Targets and Cytotoxic T Cells in Trastuzumab-Treated Patients using Imaging Mass Cytometry.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2019Trial
- Evaluation of the prognostic value of CD3, CD8, and FOXP3 mRNA expression in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2018Trial
- Antigen Specificity and Clinical Significance of IgG and IgA Autoantibodies ProducedFrontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Analytical validity of CD20 as a biomarker in breast cancer patients using tissue microarrays and whole slide sections.Biomarkers in medicine · 2026Article
- Roles of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Antitumor Immune Responses as Predictive and Prognostic Markers in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tumor microenvironment response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: insights from single-cell and spatial omics.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- PD-1H (VISTA) Expression in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Correlated with T-Cell Infiltration and Activation.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Article
- A Phase 1/1B Trial of Pembrolizumab and Trametinib in Advanced NSCLC Enriched for KRAS Mutations.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- Spatial proximity of CD8NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treatment and Resistance.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Mechanically induced development and maturation of 3DFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The interplay between the immune response and neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Blood immune profiling of Ethiopian patients with breast cancer highlights different forms of immune escape.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Detailed Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Ethnic Breast Cancer, Using Tissue Microarrays and Multiplex Immunofluorescence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of 2-methoxyestradiol on mammary tumor initiation and progression.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer.The Journal of pathology · 2024Review
- Immune Inhibitory Molecule PD-1 Homolog (VISTA) Colocalizes with CD11b Myeloid Cells in Melanoma and Is Associated with Poor Outcomes.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2024Article
- Causal effects and metabolites mediators between immune cell and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAlthough tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy, measurement typically is subjective, semiquantitative, and unable to differentiate among subpopulations. Here, we describe a quantitative objective method for analyzing lymphocyte subpopulations and assessing their predictive value. EXPERIMENTAL
designWe developed a quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure stromal expression of CD3, CD8, and CD20 on one slide. We validated this assay by comparison with flow cytometry on tonsil specimens and assessed predictive value in breast cancer on a neoadjuvant cohort (n = 95). Then, each marker was tested for prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) compared with pathologist estimation of the percentage of lymphocyte infiltrate.
resultsThe lymphocyte percentage and CD3, CD8, and CD20 proportions were similar between flow cytometry and quantitative immunofluorescence on tonsil specimens. Pathologist TIL count predicted pCR [P = 0.043; OR, 4.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-21.6] despite fair interobserver reproducibility (κ = 0.393). Stromal AQUA (automated quantitative analysis) scores for CD3 (P = 0.023; OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.13-5.57), CD8 (P = 0.029; OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.08-3.72), and CD20 (P = 0.005; OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.19-2.72) predicted pCR in univariate analysis. CD20 AQUA score predicted pCR (P = 0.019; OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.32-21.8) independently of age, size, nuclear grade, nodal status, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67, whereas CD3, CD8, and pathologist estimation did not.
conclusionsWe have developed and validated an objective, quantitative assay measuring TILs in breast cancer. Although this work provides analytic validity, future larger studies will be required to prove clinical utility.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.