ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus clades V and VI (Europe 1 and 2) in ticks in Kosovo, 2012.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Systematic Review on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Enzootic Cycle and Factors Favoring Virus Transmission: Special Focus on France, an Apparently Free-Disease Area in Europe.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An emerging threat in Europe.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- What are the vectors in European livestock farms? Case studies in Hungary and Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Article
- Co-circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and spotted fever groupFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Genetic features of Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae variants detected in ixodid ticks in Armenia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Differential Exposure toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2024Article
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Northern Senegal in 2022: Prevalence of the virus in livestock and ticks, associated risk factors and epidemiological implications.Zoonoses and public health · 2024Article
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever survivors elicit protective non-neutralizing antibodies that target 11 overlapping regions on glycoprotein GP38.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors Elicit Protective Non-Neutralizing Antibodies that Target 11 Overlapping Regions on Viral Glycoprotein GP38.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, domestic, and wild animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Genetic background of adaptation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to the different tick hosts.PloS one · 2024Article
- History and classification of Aigai virus (formerly Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus genotype VI).The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Asia, Africa and Europe.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- First Serological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Ruminants in Tunisia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Spatial Distribution of Ticks (Arachniada: Argasidae and Ixodidae) and Their Infection Rate to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran.Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2021Article
- Widespread Detection of Multiple Strains of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks, Spain.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite being a small country, Kosovo represents one of the few foci of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Europe. The distribution of Kosovar tick vectors and the evolution of CCHF virus in ticks are both as yet unknown. A better description of the extent and the genetic diversity of CCHFV in ticks from endemic settings is essential, in order to be controlled. We investigated the 2012 distribution of Kosovar ticks alongside the prevalence and the phylogeography of tick-derived CCHFV. Hyalomma marginatum dominated in the endemic municipalities with 90.2% versus 24.3% in the non-endemic regions. Of 1,102 tested ticks, 40 (3.6%) were CCHFV-positive, belonging to H. marginatum (29), Rhipicephalus bursa (10), and Ixodes ricinus (1). The virus strains clustered with clade V and VI related sequences. They fell into two lineages: Kosovo I and II. Kosovo I comprised strains recovered exclusively from R. bursa ticks and was closely related to AP92 prototype strain. Kosovo II clustered into Kosovo IIa, including human-derived strains, and IIb including only strains detected in H. marginatum and I. ricinus. Our phylogeographic reconstruction suggests two temporally distinct CCHFV introductions: the most probable location of the most recent common ancestor of Kosovo I lineage was in Greece (63 years ago) and that of lineages IIa-b in Turkey (35 years ago). After each CCHFV introduction into Kosovo, subsequent lineage expansions suggest periods of in situ evolution. The study provides the first insight into the genetic variability and the origin of CCHFV in ticks from Kosovo. Our findings indicate the spreading of CCHFV to non-endemic areas, which underlines the importance of further studies in order to monitor and predict future CCHF outbreaks in Kosovo. The AP92-like strains appear to be more widespread than previously thought and may provide a promising target for experimental studies due to their assumed low pathogenicity.
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