Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25254915›Full record

ArticleBiosecurity and bioterrorism : biodefense strategy, practice, and science

Health inequalities and infectious disease epidemics: a challenge for global health security.

Sandra Crouse Quinn, Supriya Kumar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biosecurity and bioterrorism : biodefense strategy, practice, and science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
179citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

179 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Social determinants of health andFrontiers in public health · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Incorporating Social Determinants of Health in Infectious Disease Models: A Systematic Review of Guidelines.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sandra Crouse Quinn
Supriya Kumar

Funding

Training, Outreach & Diversity ComponentU54GM088491 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI LAKOSKI, JOAN M · 2009 to 2018
$16.7M
Uncovering and Addressing Cultural Beliefs Behind Vaccine Racial Disparities P20MD006737 · NIMHD · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI QUINN, SANDRA CROUSE, THOMAS, STEPHEN B. · 2012 to 2016
$5.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM088491NIGMS NIH HHS U54GM088491NIMHD NIH HHS P20 MD006737NIMHD NIH HHS P20MD006737
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In today's global society, infectious disease outbreaks can spread quickly across the world, fueled by the rapidity with which we travel across borders and continents. Historical accounts of influenza pandemics and contemporary reports on infectious diseases clearly demonstrate that poverty, inequality, and social determinants of health create conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities or inequalities can further contribute to unequal burdens of morbidity and mortality. Yet, to date, studies of influenza pandemic plans across multiple countries find little to no recognition of health inequalities or attempts to engage disadvantaged populations to explicitly address the differential impact of a pandemic on them. To meet the goals and objectives of the Global Health Security Agenda, we argue that international partners, from WHO to individual countries, must grapple with the social determinants of health and existing health inequalities and extend their vision to include these factors so that disease that may start among socially disadvantaged subpopulations does not go unnoticed and spread across borders. These efforts will require rethinking surveillance systems to include sociodemographic data; training local teams of researchers and community health workers who are able to not only analyze data to recognize risk factors for disease, but also use simulation methods to assess the impact of alternative policies on reducing disease; integrating social science disciplines to understand local context; and proactively anticipating shortfalls in availability of adequate healthcare resources, including vaccines. Without explicit attention to existing health inequalities and underlying social determinants of health, the Global Health Security Agenda is unlikely to succeed in its goals and objectives.

Indexed as

Global HealthHealth Status DisparitiesInternational CooperationSecurity MeasuresAnimalsBioterrorismCommunicable Disease ControlDisease OutbreaksHealth PolicyHumansOrganizational ObjectivesSocioeconomic FactorsWorld Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID25254915
PMCPMC4170985

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.