Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25252818›Full record

Trial reportBMJ open2014

Association of skirt size and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in older women: a cohort study within the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS).

Evangelia-Ourania Fourkala, Matthew Burnell, Catherine Cox, Andy Ryan, Laura Currin Salter, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Mahesh Parmar, Ian Jacobs, Usha Menon

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Evangelia-Ourania FourkalaDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Matthew BurnellDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Catherine CoxDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Andy RyanDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Laura Currin SalterUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Aleksandra Gentry-MaharajDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Mahesh ParmarMRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK.
Ian JacobsDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Usha MenonDepartment of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
University College London · GBMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL · GBUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UKMedical Research Council G0801228Medical Research Council G9901012Medical Research Council MC_U122861379
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesSeveral studies suggest that overall and central-obesity are associated with increased breast cancer (BC) risk in postmenopausal-women. However, there are no studies investigating changes of central obesity and BC. We report on the association of BC risk with self-reported skirt size (SS; waist-circumference proxy) changes between 20s and postmenopausal-age.

designProspective cohort-study.

settingUK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) involving the nine trial centres in England.

participantsPostmenopausal-women aged >50 with no known history of BC prior to or on the day of completion of the study-entry questionnaire.

interventionsAt recruitment and at study entry, women were asked to complete a questionnaire. Women were followed-up via 'flagging' at the NHS Information Centre in England and the Hospital Episode Statistics. MAIN OUTCOME-MEASURE: Time to initial BC diagnosis.

resultsBetween 2 January 2005 and 1 July 2010, 92,834 UKCTOCS participants (median age 64.0) completed the study-entry questionnaire. During median follow-up of 3.19 years (25th-75th centile: 2.46-3.78), 1090 women developed BC. Model adjusted analysis for potential confounders showed body mass index (BMI) at recruitment to UKCTOCS (HR for a 5 unit change=1.076, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.136), current SS at study entry (HR=1.051; 95% CI 1.014 to 1.089) and change in SS per 10 years (CSS) (HR=1.330; 95% CI 1.121 to 1.579) were associated with increased BC risk but not SS at 25 (HR=1.006; 95% CI 0.958 to 1.056). CSS was the most predictive singe adiposity measure and further analysis including both CSS and BMI in the model revealed CSS remained significant (HR=1.266; 95% CI 1.041 to 1.538) but not BMI (HR=1.037; 95% CI 0.970 to 1.109).

conclusionsCSS is associated with BC risk independent of BMI. A unit increase in UK SS (eg, 12-14) every 10-years between 25 and postmenopausal-age is associated with postmenopausal BC risk by 33%. Validation of these results could provide women with a simple and easy to understand message. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN22488978.

Indexed as

PostmenopauseWaist CircumferenceAgedBreast NeoplasmsClothingCohort StudiesEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansMiddle AgedOvarian NeoplasmsRisk AssessmentSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomONCOLOGY

Identifiers

PMID25252818
PMCPMC4185339
OpenAlexW2120684260

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.