ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2015
A structural and functional acromegaly classification.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent acromegaly: a systematic review on therapeutic approaches.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Pooled it
- The prevalence of acromegaly is higher than previously reported: Changes over a three-decade period.Clinical endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Approach to the patient: precision medicine-guided evaluation and treatment of acromegaly.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Can acromegaly be controlled in all cases?Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Endoscopic resection of knosp grade 0-2 growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas with routine medial cavernous sinus wall excision.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of nonfamilial somatotroph adenomas.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Adenoma receptors and histologic characteristics determining management outcomes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Impact of acromegaly subtypes on survival: results from a large multicenter cohort.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Histopathological and radiological predictors of surgical remission failure in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas.Pituitary · 2026Review
- The Journey of Acromegaly Towards Treatment: A Single-Center Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of pasireotide as second-line therapy for adult acromegaly patients from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic delay, older age, and hormonal levels at diagnosis affect disease burden and mortality in acromegaly.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Copeptin and Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin Are Not Useful Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Disease in Patients with Acromegaly-A Preliminary Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- A single-center prospective study evaluating the relationship of tumor consistency on remission in acromegaly patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Somatostatin receptors in pituitary somatotroph adenomas as predictors of response to somatostatin receptor ligands: A pathologist's perspective.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Acromegaly: diagnostic challenges and individualized treatment.Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Review
- Acromegaly Type 1: A Representative Patient.JCEM case reports · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextGH-secreting pituitary adenomas exhibit heterogeneous natural history ranging from small tumors to large aggressive adenomas.
objectiveTo rigorously classify an acromegaly patient cohort defined by clinical, radiological, histopathological, and outcome characteristics.
designCross-sectional study.
settingTertiary referral pituitary center. PATIENTS: Subjects were selected from a pituitary tumor research registry that includes 1178 patients with pituitary disease. Cluster analysis was performed on 338 acromegaly patients.
interventionsNone.
main outcome measuresBiochemically active disease with elevated IGF-1 levels at follow-up.
resultsCluster analysis of all patients yielded 292 who were rigorously classified to three acromegaly types. Type 1 (50%) comprised older patients with the longest follow-up and most favorable outcomes, characterized by densely granulated, nonaggressive microadenomas and macroadenomas. Type 1 tumors extend to the sphenoid sinus more frequently than suprasellar extension (concave tumor image) and express abundant immunoreactive p21 and somatostatin receptor 2. Type 2 (19%) comprised noninvasive, densely or sparsely granulated macroadenomas, without significant extension (flat tumor image), with intermediate biochemical outcome. Type 3 (31%) was characterized by sparsely granulated aggressive macroadenomas and comprised patients with adverse therapeutic outcomes, despite receiving more treatments. These tumors extend to both the sphenoid sinus and suprasellar regions with commonly encountered optic chiasm compression ("peanut" magnetic resonance image), with low tumor p21 and somatostatin receptor 2 expression.
conclusionsAfter validation, this classification may be useful to accurately identify acromegaly patients with distinctive patterns of disease aggressiveness and outcome, as well as to provide an accurate tool for selection criteria in clinical studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.