ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 555 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Observational Study of Intestinal Flora in Infants
Intestinal Microbial Diversity of Small Bowel Stoma Effluent and Colonic Feces of Children With Short Bowel Syndrome
Comparing Impacts of Donor Human Milk to Formula Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Full-term Infants Exposed to Antibiotics in Labour: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
DOnor Milk to REpair the Full-term Infant MIcrobiome in Infants Born Via Caesarean Section
Who cites it
555 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 966 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strain-Specific Effects of Early-Life Probiotic Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal microbiota alterations associated with pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease and proton pump inhibitor exposure: a systematic review of microbiome changes, dysbiosis markers, and associated clinical outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of a complementary feeding intervention based on iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet on the gut microbiota in 12-18-month-old children: a randomized trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 during the early postnatal period in term infants.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Effect of Supplementation withNutrients · 2026Trial
- Clinical benefits ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Rethinking probiotics: breaking theGut microbes · 2026Review
- Recent advances and clinical relevance of microbiome dynamics in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Antibiotic overuse as a modifiable early-life risk factor for non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.Global health action · 2026Article
- Global and local trajectories of infant gut microbiota development in Bangladesh across the COVID-19 pandemic.mSystems · 2026Article
- The Heart-Microbiome Axis: Emerging Relevance in Pediatric Cardiology.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- β3-Adrenergic Signaling Preserves Postnatal Maturation of the Enteric Nervous System and Gut Microbiome During Neonatal Hyperoxia.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Early-life colonization withScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Human milk microbiome as a modulator of the early-life gut-brain axis: mechanisms and translational opportunities for neurodevelopment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Gut-lung axis in chronic respiratory diseases: a narrative review of emerging insights.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- MaternalBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Impact of Infant Feeding Mode on Gut Microbiome Composition in Early Life: Evidence from an Egyptian Cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the Early-Life Microbiomes of Preterm Infants and Their Childhood Health Outcomes (The BLOOM Study): Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
495 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human microbial colonization begins at birth and continues to develop and modulate in species abundance for about 3 years, until the microbiota becomes adult-like. During the same time period, children experience significant developmental changes that influence their health status as well as their immune system. An ever-expanding number of articles associate several diseases with early-life imbalances of the gut microbiota, also referred to as gut microbial dysbiosis. Whether early-life dysbiosis precedes and plays a role in disease pathogenesis, or simply originates from the disease process itself is a question that is beginning to be answered in a few diseases, including IBD, obesity, and asthma. This review describes the gut microbiome structure and function during the formative first years of life, as well as the environmental factors that determine its composition. It also aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the role of the early-life gut microbiota in the development of immune-mediated, metabolic, and neurological diseases. A greater understanding of how the early-life gut microbiota impacts our immune development could potentially lead to novel microbial-derived therapies that target disease prevention at an early age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.